《台灣社會研究季刊》 第116期:

【一般論文】

大學社區實踐在臺灣的實作初探:以Wulai地區的相關計畫為例蔡侑霖(116 109.8 1-52

我們處於一個強調實踐大學社會責任的時代,這股風潮已沛然成勢,近年來包含主管國家科學研究與高等教育的科技部與教育部在內等政府部門紛紛以大型計畫補助大學教師成立團隊,進入社區或部落與在地組織協作,「產學合作」被認為是大學參與社會實踐與承擔社會責任重要的一環,並具備將傳統產學合作加以社會化的可能性。然而在上述的規範性關懷與期待下,具體實作究竟呈現何種面貌?其「產」與「學」的具體內涵是什麼?產學合作的樣態是什麼?產生什麼樣的社會效應?本文透過檢視在Wulai地區執行的相關計畫,指出當代計畫執行仍以市場化、創造產值的目標為優先、傾向去政治的技術性操作與不具備轉型性議程,既缺乏深入的在地研究亦忽視在地人群的異質性,並在計畫報告書寫上,學術研究團隊與在地社群呈現不對等的權力關係。同時也發現兩個變化中的趨勢:其一,大學試圖以與在地社群協作之名爭取與掌控更多公私部門經費來源,甚至嘗試在地方上扮演資源分配者的角色;其二,著重社群分享與互惠的另類經濟想像與實作空間似乎有所擴張。

關鍵詞:大學社區實踐計畫、大學社會責任、社會實踐、產學合作、高等教育轉型

Members in academia are now working in an age of university social responsibility. In recent years, both Taiwan’s highest administrative institutions of education and scientific research provide luxurious funding to promote university-community engagement projects. Among various goals of these projects, achieving “industry-academia cooperation/collaboration” is deemed as an important mission. Moreover, this “industry-academia cooperation/collaboration” is expected to socialize, in a different way, the traditional collaboration between university and industry. Despite this normative notion and expectation, however, the actual practices of university-community engagement projects are rarely examined. Questions such as what are the essentials of “industry” and “academia” of university-community engagement projects and what are their characteristic features and social impacts on local communities have not been explored. This paper aims to provide an analysis of these questions by dint of the investigation of the university-community engagement projects implemented on the Wulai area. The research findings show that current university-community engagement projects still prioritize the goal of expanding market and increasing output value. These projects tend to operate in a de-politicalized way without transformative agenda. They do not devolve themselves on conducting local research, and ignore the heterogeneity within local communities. Moreover, the written form of the project report displays the uneven power relations between academic research teams and their local partners. Meanwhile, this study also finds two emerging trends concerning current university-community engagement projects. First, universities strive to apply for more public and private funding sources in the name of their collaboration with local communities and are eager to play the role of resource distributor within local communities. Second, it seems that the space for alternative economic imagination and practices emphasizing on sharing and reciprocity have been expanded within current university-community engagement projects.

Keywords: university-community engagement projects, university social responsibility, social engagement, industry-academia cooperation/collaboration, the transformation of higher education

「去責任化」的司法責任制?論司法責任制話語構建中的斷裂/郭曉飛(116 民109.8 頁53-86)

圍繞著司法責任制中「責任」這個概念的界定,是強調審判獨立,還是對法官問責,在不同主體間形成了對於司法責任制重心的「闡釋爭奪」。政治家對於錯案終身問責的政治承諾和民眾對於糾正錯案後問責的呼聲是一致的,然而這卻與法律家所持「重獨立審判,輕法官問責」的豁免法官責任的傾向產生了斷裂,以至於法律人建構出一種「去責任化」的司法責任制。在對司法責任制的闡釋上,法律職業主義話語暴露了自身無法消除的矛盾。法學界不能只依賴法律職業主義話語,也要反思這套話語背後所追求的職業利益和職業特權,必須要認真對待司法責任制的政治性維度。

關鍵詞:司法責任制、錯案、闡釋爭奪、法律職業主義、「去責任化」

Around the definition of the concept of “responsibility” in the judicial responsibility system, whether it emphasizes the judicial independence or the accountability of judges has become a “contested ground for interpretation”. The political commitment of politicians to life-long accountability of misjudged cases is in line with the public’s call for accountability after correcting misjudged cases, which is at odds with the tendency displayed by lawyers who seek to exempt judges from their responsibilities by “emphasizing independent trial while neglecting judges’ accountability”. When it comes to the interpretation of the judicial responsibility system, legal professionalism discourse constructs a judicial responsibility system without accountability, which has its own contradictions that cannot be eliminated. Legal academia should not take the discourse of legal professionalism for granted: by rethinking the professional interests and privileges that this discourse entails, one takes seriously the political dimension of judicial responsibility system.

Keywords: judicial responsibility system, misjudged cases, interpretation contest, legal professionalism, judicial responsibility system without accountability

兼顧地主的幣制改革:臺灣三大商業銀行戰後擴張之前因後果(1904-1956)/林子新(116 109.8 87-150

本文旨在探討第一、華南、彰化這三家商業銀行戰後擴張之前因後果。本文鑑於三商銀之戰後擴張勢必要以其戰前發展為基礎,故將考察期間向前延伸至彰銀籌設伊始之1904年。研究發現,三商銀皆係臺灣農村大地主階級在日本殖民政府金融開放政策之慫恿與鼓勵下所積極參與創立之現代銀行。日本戰敗後,三商銀雖有過半日人股份為國府接收為公股,但該階級在國府治下,不僅自始便握有三商銀之經營主導權,更使三商銀能在二二八事件隔天同時完成改組並重新開張營業。自此截至1948年底,儘管國府曾多次申令臺灣諸銀行收縮金融,但三商銀在該階級領導下,卻無論營業機構數還是存、放款餘額,皆爆發出未曾見諸於日本殖民期間的驚人增長。1949年臺幣改革後,臺灣物價因國府高估新臺幣匯價而迅速回穩,三商銀也隨之進入實質擴張階段,從而不只大幅強化了該階級對於農村剩餘的控制,也讓該階級得以將大量農村剩餘移轉到城市之中變成城市金融資本。過往研究由於忽略了三商銀戰後擴張之事實,才會得出該階級早在二二八與農村土改後已然喪失政策協商與資本控制能力的錯誤結論。反之,若將該事實納入考慮則可發現,國府在臺成功推動各項基進改革的前提,並非不存在能夠干預國府決策的農村大地主階級,而是國府總能在實施改革的同時也能兼顧地主利益。兼顧地主的臺幣與農地改革,才是戰後臺灣所以能快速工業化並發展經濟的前提條件。

關鍵詞:三商銀、二二八事件、土地改革、新臺幣、發展型國家

There were only six banks in postwar Taiwan until 1958, including three “policy banks” and three “commercial banks.” Although all six banks were state-owned, only three commercial banks experienced an unprecedented expansion in the first decade of postwar era. These commercial banks are First Bank, Hua Nan Bank, and Chang Hwa Bank. This paper examines the causes and effects of these commercial banks’ postwar expansion by 1956. It finds that all these banks grew out of the Taiwanese rural landlords’ ambition to strengthen their financial control over capital since 1904. It also finds that both the Japanese colonial government and the Nationalist government encouraged, actively or not, these landlords to do so. As a result of the encouragement, these banks’ number of branches boomed right after the 228 Incident in 1947; their shares in the total amount of deposit and loan of Taiwan increased at an unprecedentedly rapid pace since the monetary reform in 1949. Despite the land reform during 1949-1953, these banks’ real founders, the Taiwanese rural landlords, controlled an increasing amount of financial capital in rural and then urban areas during 1945-1956. These findings indicate that what features those above mentioned monetary and land reforms is precisely not a radical but a middle-of-the-road path where the Nationalist government also considered the landlord’s interests. As a challenge to the argument that this landlord class has lost its control over major economic surplus and thoroughly collapsed with the implementation of the land reform, these findings also indicate that this series of middle-of-the-road reforms, rather than the landlord class’s collapse, underpinned Taiwan’s successful industrialization in the following decades.

Keywords: three commercial banks, February 28 Incident, land reform, New Taiwan Dollar, developmental state

 

【研究紀要】

臺灣鐵道基礎設施的文創轉生/王志弘、高郁婷(116109.8 151-199

鐵道是社會變遷的象徵和推動力量,但也隨著社會變遷而轉變。本文關注臺灣鐵道設施轉作文創用途的社會脈絡、空間紋理及其與地方發展的關聯,藉此探討臺灣城市配置的持續移形換位。通過現地觀察及訪談,作者首先描述臺灣鐵路管理局及其設施的特質、營運困境及因應策略。接著,本文集中討論臺鐵局舊有設施的文創轉用,並以臺北、彰化、高雄及臺東為例,分析其轉用脈絡、物質部署、相關爭議及空間效應。作者主張,鐵道雖沾染懷舊色彩而捲入城市競爭的文化策略,但鐵道推動發展的動力並未停歇,只是以文化為媒介而移形換位。然而,面臨鐵道地下化、高架化、捷運化等由進步意象主導的再發展,具有「逆反」特質的文創轉生,卻不見得能夠在求新求變的精神下啟動對於發展的省思。

關鍵詞: 鐵道文創園區、文化治理、歷史保存、地方發展、時空格局

The railway embodies social vicissitudes and facilitates many changes, but changes also happen to itself as the society is transformed. This paper will be focusing on the social contexts, spatial textures and the trajectories of local development that align with different cultural reuses of old railway facilities, and with it the re-configuration within cities that epitomizes the on-going development. Through on-field observation and interviews, the authors first illuminate the conundrum Taiwan Railways Administration has been facing and the strategies it takes, and will continue to delve into four cases highlighting Taipei, Kaohsiung, Changhua and Taitung respectively. In each of these cases, the contexts that bring out the reuse of railway facilities, the controversies thus generated, the material deployment and the spatial effects of reuse will be discussed. It is found that cultural strategies characterizing nostalgia has become railway’s new fate, but its work on development never disappears. It is only transformed and takes on a cultural new look. Still, as visions to put railways into the underground, elevate it as skyline, or re-develop its regional services into local ones that are liken to the metro dominate, reflections on development that such changes might bring also become ambiguous.

Keywords: railway cultural-creative parks, cultural governance, historic preservation, local development, spatio-temporal configuration

 

【左異聲響】

大學社會責任的實踐與反思

編按/陳信行(116 109.8 201-203

社會變遷下的大學社會責任:屏東大學USR「搖滾社會力」計畫的實踐經驗/邱毓斌(116 109.8 205-216

你是「在地人」還是「計畫人」?/管中祥(116 109.8 217-228

關於大學社會責任與實踐的幾點反思:台社閉幕論壇回應/蔡侑霖(116 109.8 229-234

綜合討論(116 109.8 235-247

 

台灣青年的厭世情感政治

導言/鄭亘良(116 109.8 249-256

「厭世」:感覺、話語和政治/王智明(116 109.8 257-265

小感傷與「大」拒斥:台灣年輕詩人的「廢鬱詩」/張智琦(116 109.8 267-290

「喪」的現實與文化表徵之間:「90 後」文化政治的可能性/李許濤(116 109.8 291-304

袖手未來:當代中國科幻小說中的青年設定/羅小茗(116 109.8 305-318