《台灣社會研究季刊》 第32期：
經濟掛帥與國家角色專題
免洗餐具的誕生：醫學知識在台灣的社會性格分析／林崇熙(32 民87.12 頁1-38)
透過科學研究、利益團體、政治考量、人際關係、社會變遷等多種力量的交織塑造，B型肝炎在一九八年代初期，成為台灣公共衛生上的頭號目標。然而，當衛生署大力宣導如何防治B型肝炎時，關於B型肝炎的「正確知識」，如傳佈機制、防治辦法等卻仍在學界爭議中。在政策考量與民意代表關切壓力下，免洗餐具、公筷母匙、中菜西吃等不但成為衛生署宣導的「正確知識」，而且在環境變遷下，進一步塑造台灣人民新的生活方式。從免洗餐具誕生的過程來看 B型肝炎「正確知識」的形成與轉折，我們可以看到醫學知識在台灣的社會性格與動態共識的性質。
關鍵字：免洗餐具、A型肝炎、B型肝炎、台灣、科學史
In the early 1980s, various powers such as scientific research, social interests, human relationships, and social changes shaped hepatitis B the primary goal of the public health policy in Taiwan. When Department of Health made great efforts to educate the public how to control hepatitis B, the so-called "correct knowledge" such as the mode of transmission or the way of control was still in controversy. However, under the policy considerations and the pressure from congressmen, the disposable utensils, the dining manner of "Chinese food, Western style," and the use of common chopsticks and spoons not only became the "correct knowledge" regarding hepatitis B control, but also reshaped Taiwanese forms of life. Examining the birth of disposable utensils and the history of the knowledge regarding hepatitis B in Taiwan, we can understand that medical knowledge in Taiwan is a social practice and dynamic consensus in nature.
Keywords:Disposable Utensils, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis A, Taiwan, History of Science
美援下的衛生政策：一九六○年代台灣家庭計畫的探討／郭文華(32 民87.12 頁39-82)
本文討論一九六○年代臺灣的大規模節育活動。以往大多數衛生與人口政策史論者依據人口成長率的下降，認為該計畫應是十分成功的衛生政策。本文試圖將該計畫的決策與執行重新置於當時美援主導臺灣政治經濟發展的歷史背景，進而提出補充與質疑。在政策制定與執行上，本文指出個人節育與國家節育在邏輯上的區別，並釐清當時在經費短缺下臺灣衛生政策的決策實際。此外，本文也探討在政策說詞與執行實際的差異下，衛生當局的因應與婦女的抗拒。
成果方面，對政治經濟學者所關心的美援性質問題，本文以臺灣家庭計劃的個案研究，提出美援在經濟與政治方面外的具體影響，擴展批評的範圍與層次。其次對將衛生視為中立客觀的醫療政策論者，本文主張衛生與健康並非孤立的知識與真理，它們必須回到歷史脈絡下理解才有意義。最後，藉著統計資料的重新爬梳與解讀，本文試圖體現在衛生說詞與國家政策下婦女的異議聲音，點出在衛生與人口政策史的論述下，婦女再現與論述的可能。
關鍵字：美援、人口控制、家庭計劃、子宮內避孕器、婦女身體
This paper examines a salient example of medical policies in Cold War period Asia—the population control program in Taiwan. Influenced by America, Taiwan was singled out by policy experts as the successful story among East Asian countries attempting family planning. However, unlike those non-historical approaches, this paper places this topic within social and historical context, examining the rhetoric and reality of the population control program in 1960s Taiwan.
My argument addresses the following: 1. Pressured by the US, the Taiwanese government ignored the difference between the ideologies behind "individual birth control" and "national population control." Thus was accepted the US' suggestion that the over-growth of population was the most important concern of Taiwan seeking more rapid economic development—besides, the enforced control of the number of new births was the only way to solve the problem. 2. Furthermore, because of the limited health budget, the US, rather than the Taiwanese government, determined the medical policies in Taiwan. Thus, population control became a medical concern in the rhetoric of the Taiwanese health department; forced upon the people, this birth control program was practiced under the name of family planning. 3. In doing so, the health officers used IUDs and implanted them in Taiwanese women's bodies, claiming them to be the best choice for women to avoid unnecessary pregnancies and the best tool for the state to control new births.
In the meantime, because of IUDs' severe side effects, some women refused to use them, but had no chance to speak out directly in public.
Keywords:US aid, Population Control, Family Planning, IUD, Women's Bodies
產業政策與連鎖效果：台灣塑膠原料業發展的因素／瞿宛文、黃秋燕(32 民87.12 頁83-124)
本文探討了台灣石化業的主要部門塑膠原料業的成長過程以及成長的原因，也探究了上游石化基本原料業與下游塑膠製品業對其成長的影響。
這產業中除了PVC發展較早外，其他則都是在公營企業開始經營上游的輕油裂解廠之同時隨著設廠生產，是典型的向前連鎖效應，而推動者則為國家。
這六個產業從開始到1986年為止，都大致維持相當的成長率，之後則各業有顯著不同的表現。在早期下游的需求對於各產業而言，都是主要的成長動力，同時下游帶動作用越大的產業，其成長率就越快，顯現了一種動態的雪球效果。同時，技術變革、產業的成長潛能與市場競爭程度之間也呈現動態的相關性，並影響著產業的成長。
政策因素對這產業有很深的影響，除了以公營企業經營上游並在啟始階段領導推動之外，政府一直採用各種關稅與非關稅的保護措施來扶植這產業，直到1986年開始貿易自由化為止。同時這也是台灣發展的一個典型，即出口導向政策常配合著中上游的進口替代，顯示這兩種政策並非是相互排斥的選擇。
關鍵字：成長因素，逆向整合，產業政策，新興工業化國家，帶動作用
This paper explores the history and causes of growth of Taiwan's plastic-material industry, which lies vertically between the upstream basic petrochemicals and the downstream plastic product sectors. The study focuses on the six common plastics, PVC, LDPE, HDPE, PP, PS, and ABS, which comprise over 80% of the sector. Almost all of them were established along with the state-run upstream naphtha-cracking plants. That is, forward linkage effects were effective.
All grew steadily until liberalization in 1986. For those sectors, whose inputs cannot be easily transported, their growth began to be restricted since the late 1980s when local protest postponed the construction of the fifth and sixth cracker. For other sectors their growth has been unhampered. PS and ABS sectors grew rapidly by expanding their exports, especially to the mainland, in the later period.
The downstream's demand has been the engine of growth for all six sectors. The backward linkage effects, however, are stronger in those sectors that did not face supply restriction and those that grew faster. The greater the downstream's growth rate, the better its prospects, the greater the linkage effects and the faster the midstream's growth. Market structure also matters. Moreover, industrial policy has been instrumental in bringing about industrial upgrading. That is, ladder-climbing does not come automatically for an NIC.
Keywords:industrial policy, linkage effects, causes of growth, NICs
科學園區的另一種發展版本─台南科學園區／周素卿(32 民87.12 頁125-164)
在短短不到二十年的時間，新竹科學工業園區已經成功地孕育台灣高科技產業的發展，也促使政府更加強調“以發展知識與技術密集產業來帶動台灣整體經濟成長”的產業政策，並設置了第二個科學園區——台南科學工業園區來推動台灣高科技產業的持續成長。本文以第二個科學園區自從擬議初始、到動土興闢、及接受廠商申請投資過程的種種資料作為基礎，來探討台南科學工業園區未來可能的發展軌跡與特性，並從中央政府主導角色的轉變、地方政府的積極參與、與新產業網絡的形成等三方面來比較其和新竹科學工業園區的發展差異，此外，本文也透過兩個科學工業園區設立與開發的政經脈絡，來說明台南科學工業園區的發展經驗將是有別於新竹科學園區的發展版本。
關鍵字：台南科學工業園區、科學園區政策、積體電路產業、產業網絡
For less than two decades, the Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park has successfully become the cradle of high-tech industries in Taiwan. It strongly enhances confidence for Taiwan's government in adopting the high-tech development policy. The second science-based industrial park, the Tainan Science-based Industrial Park, was established in 1996 to continue the progression of Taiwan's high-tech development. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible features of the Tainan Science-based Industrial Park from three perspectives in comparison with the Hsinchu Science-based Industrial Park. First, the engine for the Tainan Science-based Industrial Park is the private sector, rather than the state. Second, establishment of the Second Science Park is no longer just a matter of the central state and private enterprises. The local state has been actively participating in the developmental process since its initiation. Third, there are some new industrial networks emerged in this newly created high-tech space. All of these will significantly make the development of the Tainan Science-based Industrial Park another version of science park development , either in Taiwan or around the world.
Keywords:Tainan Science-based Industrial Park、science park policy、integrated circuit industry、industrial networks
一般論文
日治初期在台日資的生成與積累／黃紹恆(32 民87.12 頁165-214)
甲午戰後，以台灣為生成、積累基礎的在台日資，由於在台資金的不易取得及台灣經濟尚未脫離清代結構為最主要的客觀不利影響，使其自起步階段便遇到許多困難。再加上初期來台日本商人本身商業技巧、對在台日本人社會的依賴等因素，使得在台日資在日治初期台灣經濟的變革過程中，無法取得主導的地位，充其量也祇是個資本參與者而已。結果，日治時代台灣經濟變革所需要的資本，便不得不以日本國內的資本為主要的來源。另一方面，在日治初期較可觀的在台日資，由其所有者的經歷及事業內容可了解，大都與台灣總督府所代表的國家權力保持一定密切關係，此點可說是此時期在台日資的重要特徵。
關鍵字：在台日資、資本積累、台灣總督府、日俄戰爭
Between 1895 and 1905, the Japanese capital ad a limited existence and accumulation in Taiwan though politically this island had been already under Japan's colonization. The reasons for this mismatch between political rule and economic role could be accounted by the fact that Taiwan's economy was still orientated towards the mainland China. Additional factors such as insufficient bussiness knacks and relying its commerce too much on the colonial government contributed further to its being merely a participant in, rather than the leader of, the overall economic activities in this colony.
Keywords:Japanese capital in Taiwan, capital accumulation, the colonial government of Taiwan, the Russo-Japanese war
調查報告
媒體在運動商品化過程中的角色／劉昌德(32 民87.12 頁215-247)
近年來台灣運動商品化的趨勢愈演愈烈，本文希望經由資料的蒐集整理，並佐以對相關業者的訪談，勾勒媒體在其間所扮演的角色。大體來說，媒體／運動複合體的運作邏輯，不過是為了創造更多利潤。媒體依靠運動轉播與報導，增加本身的發行量與廣告收入；運動組織則仰賴媒體增進其三種主要收入來源（門票、贊助商、轉播權利金），擴大本身的利基。另外，媒體以掌握運動組織經濟來源的方式，逐漸對運動發揮不可忽視的影響力。本文從這樣的認識出發，探究分析九年代台灣職業運動產業草創以來，傳播媒體所發揮各項推波助瀾的功能，並描述媒體／運動複合體的概況。由於市場結構的改變（尤其是廣電媒體），使得台灣的媒體與職業運動的結合，基於二者的利潤追求而愈發緊密。
關鍵字：運動商品化、職業運動、媒體／運動複合體、媒體市場結構、轉播權利金
The commodification of sports in Taiwan has been getting more explicit in recent years. This thesis, drawing upon interpretation and compilation of relevant scholarships, data, and interviews, attempts to give a description of the role of mass media in the commodification process. The operational mechanism of media/sports complex, in short, is only to create even more profits. Media increases its circulation and advertisement by producing sports programs and reports; while sports organizations rely on media and increase their major three sources of income--tickets, sponsorship, and TV rights. Meanwhile, because of its domination of those profit sources of sports organizations, media is even able to hold sway over sports in various ways. Following this argument, this thesis moves to examine the operation of local media/sports complex according to the historical development of local professional sports industry since the 1990's. The transformation of local media market structure--especially for the electronic broadcasting--has intensified combination of media and professional sports.
Keywords:commodification of sports, professional sports, media/sports complex, media market structure, TV rights fee
