《台灣社會研究季刊》 第56期：
編輯室報告
一般論文
獨大的科學理性與隱沒（默）的社會理性之「對話」—在地公眾、科學專家與國家的風險文化探討／周桂田(56 民93.12 頁1-64)
本文從風險感知與風險溝通觀點出發，分析在全球科技競爭的發展下，在地社會之公眾、科學專家與國家間對科技風險（case 基因改造產品（GMO））之認知與互動關係。文中指出，在地持續隱匿風險的社會系統「重科研、輕風險」，導致主流科學理性結合優勢的科技政策資源，輕易的發展出支配性的科學（制度）論述，而壓抑了生態理性的異議與高度不滿的社會理性，形成了獨大的科學理性與隱沒、隱默的生態與社會理性。
這樣的關係，持續的擴大介於公眾、國家和科學專家間的風險認知鴻溝與落差，公眾對國家與科學專家產生高度的不信任、科學專家不滿國家缺乏風險溝通機制而有誤導科技政策或喪失科研正當性之虞、國家制度能耐萎縮於未積極建構風險溝通與社會評估機制。亦即，本文重點在於，此種隱匿風險的在地社會系統如何毀壞信任，並累積不可預測的科技社會後果。
為實質檢討發展高科技國家與社會的路徑，本文建議，應審視在地、後進國家的特殊問題脈絡，以制度性的建構風險溝通與評估等機制，積極性地介入並重新形塑科學、公眾與國家的關係。
關鍵字：信任、科技風險、風險感知、風險溝通、風險評估、科學專家、科技政策、制度能耐、遲滯型高科技風險社會
In light of risk perception and risk communication, this article analyzes
the perceptions and interaction relationship between the local public, scientific experts, and the state toward technological risks, e.g. genetically modified organisms (GMO), under the development of global technological
competitiveness. This article also points out that "valuing scientific research and neglecting its risk" in a local social system which is continually surrounded with hidden risks would result in combination of mainstream scientific rationality and prominent technological policy resources. A dominant scientific view (system) easily develops and oppresses the opposite opinions from ecological rationality and high discontent of social rationality. As a result, monopoly of scientific rationality and submergence of ecological and social rationality are formed.
This relationship lies in the gap of risk perceptions between the public, the state, and scientific experts: the public highly distrust scientists and specialists; scientists and specialists are dissatisfied with the state for lacking of a risk communication mechanism with the doubt of technological policy being misled or legitimacy of scientific research being deprived; the institutional capacity withers for not actively constructing a risk communication mechanism and social risk assessment. Namely, this article explores how a local social system surrounded with hidden risks devastates trust and accumulates unpredictable technological social consequences.
In order to review and examine the development of high-tech countries and society, this article suggests that a sequence of particular problems in local and less advanced countries should be carefully examined based on an institutional constructed mechanism of risk communication and assessment. Also, active interventions are critical for reshaping the relationship between science, the public, and the nation.
Keywords:trust, technological risk, risk perception, risk communication, risk assessment, scientific expert, technological policy, institutional capacity, delayed high-tech risk society
從在地走向全球：台灣電影全球化的歷程與類型初探／魏玓(56期 民93.12 頁65-92)
在全球化的趨勢下，傳播媒介領域逐漸形成一個由跨國媒介集團所主導的全球媒介市場體系（global media market system）。而長久以來主控世界電影市場的好萊塢，已成為跨國媒介集團的一部分，也在這個全球媒介市場體系的架構上，主導著一個發展中的全球電影市場體系（global film market system）。面對這樣的全球電影條件，台灣電影市場被以美國電影為主的外來電影壟斷，電影工業基礎接近崩盤，但是卻在這樣貧瘠的環境中，發展出幾種與全球電影市場體系結合的「生存之道」。第一種類型從1980年代就出現，以產品區隔形式獲得外國資金並對外出口的本地藝術或作者電影，侯孝賢、蔡明亮等導演為代表。第二種類型是以勞動力的形式進入核心的好萊塢電影體系，以導演李安為例。第三種類型則是體現承包生產形式，以陳國富導演的《雙瞳》為例。這三種「從在地走向全球」的模式，各自演化出相異的生產過程和創作風格；但是其共同點是必須在一定程度上，接受外國電影體系和市場的結構限制，而且他們對於台灣本地電影工業基礎與電影文化的生存和發展，也是負面影響多於正面。因此，尋求在全球化趨勢下台灣電影工業和電影文化的生存之道，還必須有更基進的思維。
關鍵字：全球化，電影全球化，台灣電影，全球電影市場體系
In the global age the world communications are forming into a global media market system of which the center is a group of transnational media conglomerates. The long-time dominating force in the world film market, Hollywood majors, has become a part of these multi-media conglomerates. They thus continue to play a dominating role in developing a global film market system. Being in this global film market system, Taiwan's film exhibition market is dominated by imported products （mainly American films） and the film industry base nearly collapses. Several models of
'survival' however have been developed in coping with the global film market dynamics. The first type is locally-made art or auteur film as a sort of differentiated product which is internationally financed and oriented. Hou Hsiao Hsien and Tsai Ming Liang are two major representative directors of this type. The second type is to enter into the center of Hollywood system as labor force. Ang Lee is the prominent and the only example by now. The third type is locally-made and Hollywood-financed film. The film-making team is as subcontractor of Hollywood and the example is Double Vision directed by Chen Kuo Fu. These three types of 'from local to global' evolve respectively into very different creating processes and styles. One of the common points among them is that they are constrained, to some extent, by the logic of foreign
film systems and markets. Partly because of that, they contribute Taiwan's film industry and film culture with negative effects rather than positive ones. To seek for the answer of reviving Taiwan cinema in the global age, therefore, a more radical thinking and practice is necessary.
Keywords:globalization, the globalization of cinema, Taiwan cinema, global film market system
中國「市場社會主義」電視媒體的探索／馮建三(56期 民94.12 頁93-132)
扼要檢討歐洲與中國的「市場社會主義」及其與電視關係之論述後，作者接著釐清中國的「國家」性質。然後，本文斟酌此國家對電視的規範，究竟是否分別滿足了「市場社會主義」之媒體宣稱的「經濟」與「政治」要求。資料雖然不完整，但中國優勢電視部門（特別是中央電視台）的很大部分之寡佔租金，確實是作為擴張服務或偏遠地區傳媒基層設施的整建之用，顯見若僅從經濟資源的重分配角度視之，中國政府對電視的管制，尚稱有效，也就不能說是完全背離了市場社會主義的經濟原則。就政治層面來說，中國政府對異議的容忍度，距離社會主義媒體應有的表現，仍然很遠，惟若僅將中國斷定為威權專制國家，雖非錯誤，似仍有不足，比如，官方對「輿論監督」的強調及公民的順勢爭取，是言論自由仍大有缺陷的中國媒體，略可發揮「黨國公共領域」角色的依據。中國亟待推動媒體等言論除罪化的改革措施，惟不必包括引入合法的私有媒體。
關鍵字：國家、市場社會主義、中國的電視經濟、公共領域、私有產權
This paper puts forward a polemical questioning of whether it is still possible to imagine or construct China's media as socialist, or if the potential for bringing out a socialist media order in China has been exhausted. Some data, however insufficient, is presented to argue that, economically, the Chinese media has not yet totally failed its 'truth claim' of market socialism in China. For example, the taxation policy on broadcasting is used to raise revenue from the richer regions of China that is partly transferred to help improve the infrastructure and services available in the poor, remote and rural areas. Athough further reforms are required, China does not need to make its media ownership policy 'clearer' lest the policy becomes another method for legitimating private ownership. Issues related to the 'public sphere' under party-state control are also examined and it is demonstrated that there has been a rise in citizen involvement in the public controversy. The paper concludes it is not inevitable that Chinese media will develop into full market capitalism.
Keywords:state, market socialism, China's TV economics, public sphere, private ownership
台灣資本主義研究的問題：評論《誰統治台灣》、《台灣戰後經濟分析》與《台灣的依附發展》／姚欣進(56期 民93.12 頁133-178)
本文以書評評論的方式，提出兩個論點。其一，台灣資本主義的特殊性質與歷史發展，是研究台灣社會各領域的關鍵參照因素與論證前提；因此，台灣社會科學界需要對於台灣資本主義提出一套完整而深入的政治經濟學之理論解釋。筆者將以《誰統治台灣》，這本探討台灣政治統治權力演變的論述為例，來論證以下的論點：即使在分析獨立政治領域裡的策略行動之論述，都預設了台灣資本主義的結構制約因素；後者顯然為前者的論證前提。
其二，要確切地論證台灣資本主義，必須以一致與一貫的論證邏輯與理論概念來進行；而資本主義的總體結構與歷史階段，可作為政治經濟學論證的兩大分析範疇。以此標準，筆者將以《台灣戰後經濟分析》與《台灣的依附發展》兩書為例，來檢討這兩部著作的理論論證的缺失。雖然這兩本著作秉持政治經濟學的大方向，以總體結構與歷史階段的分析範疇來討論台灣資本主義，有其不可忽視的貢獻。但針對前者，筆者分析了其作者並未對其基本理論概念提出解釋，而這些概念也不符合台灣的歷史發展與客觀現實。針對後者，筆者論證了其作者的關鍵概念並未精確地掌握台灣的經濟現實，因此無法一貫地分析台灣資本主義的發展。
關鍵字：台灣資本主義、政治經濟學、依附
As a critical review, this essay proposes two theses. First, the specific nature and the historical development of Taiwan Capitalism are the basic referential points and the presupposition for the study of various fields of Taiwan society. The discourse of social sciences in Taiwan thus needs to have a coherent and profound political economy's theoretical explanation of Taiwan
capitalism. We will take Who Rules as an example, which discusses the recent transformation of Taiwan ruling power structure, to argue that even in the analysis of the strategic actions in the autonomous sphere of politics, this analysis inevitably presupposes the structural conditions of Taiwan capitalism. It is obviously the later is the argumentative presupposition of the former.
Secondly, in order to characterize the nature of Taiwan Capitalism precisely, we have to follow a coherent and consistent argumentative logic so as to employ the theoretical concepts logically. Also we could use the structural totality and historical phrase of capitalism as two main analytical categories of political economy. Seen in this light, we will take Economical Analysis of Post-War Taiwan and Dependent Development of Taiwan as two examples to discuss their merits and flaws. The two works follow a general perspective of political economy's discourse and employ the structural totality and historical phrase as the basic analytical categories to discuss Taiwan Capitalism—all of which are remarkable achievements. However, we will argue, the first author dose not provide substantial explanation of his theoretical concepts and those concepts does not correspond to the historical development and the reality of Taiwan Capitalism. To the second author, we will point out that the author's crucial concepts does not precisely reflect Taiwan economical reality; and his argument therefore could not analyze the development of Taiwan Capitalism
coherently and consistently.
Keywords:Taiwan Capitalism, Political Economics, Dependence
問題與討論
新自由主義全球化之下的學術生產／陳光興、錢永祥(56期 民93.12 頁179-206)
發表於「反思台灣的（人文及社會）高教學術評鑑研討會」2004年9月25日～26日。
缺乏社會現實感的指標性評鑑迷思／葉啟政(56期 民93.12 頁207-222)
發表於「反思台灣的（人文及社會）高教學術評鑑研討會」2004年9月25日～26日。
反思學術評鑑與學術生產：以經濟學學門為例／瞿宛文(56期 民93.12 頁223-236)
發表於「反思台灣的（人文及社會）高教學術評鑑研討會」2004年9月25日～26日。
再哀大學以及一些期待與建議—當前高教學術評鑑的病癥與解咒的可能／顏崑陽(56期 民93.12 頁237-256)
發表於「反思台灣的（人文及社會）高教學術評鑑研討會」，2004年9月25日～26日。
評論
國族主義在台灣／王超華(56期 民93.12 頁527-270)
臺灣的大陸想像／鄭鴻生(56期 民93.12 頁271-284)
書評
作為武器的「真理」—評介《作為意識形態的現代化》／于治中(56期 民93.12 頁285-)
