《台灣社會研究季刊》 第99期：

【一般論文】
西方友誼研究及其在地用處初探／朱偉誠（99 民104.6 頁1-77）

本論文從友誼在古今論述中之地位差異出發，先綜覽西方當代有大幅進展之友誼研究成果，尤其集中於兩位有特殊貢獻之學者，即布睿與希佛的主要研究發明，並將之對比參照以勾勒西方友誼之大歷史，同時也對現代性與現代的友誼狀況有所說明。論文的第二部分則關注歷來友誼論述與實踐最引人興味之處，即友誼之平等主義意含及其在傳統上所具有的政治挑戰效果，乃至後來被吸納為現代國族主義民主之主流意識形態，也即德希德《友愛政治》一書加以解構之由。第三部分將焦點轉回我們所處身之中文語境，探討中國家族宗法社會對於友誼歷來的懷疑看法以及晚期（晚明）進步知識份子的顛覆挪用（包括西方友論透過利瑪竇之引進），後來卻在現代西化的外來語境中直接越過。最後一部分由當代友誼與同性戀之糾結出發，透過福寇「友誼做為一種生活方式」的提法，試探性地提出在當代狀況中友誼仍可能具有之進步潛能。

關鍵詞： 大歷史、現代性、友誼政治、平等主義、同性戀

This essay starts with a general survey of contemporary occidental friendship studies in its present condition by focusing in particular on two scholars with major contributions to the field, namely Alan Bray and Allan Silver, whose works are then juxtaposed in a “debate” for the purpose of mapping out the macro-history of occidental friendship as well as throwing a new light on modernity from this perspective. The second part foregrounds one of the most intriguing aspects of friendship either as practice or discourse, i.e. the egalitarian politics of friendship that has posed as a challenge to the established order before it is adopted as the dominant ideology of modern nationalist democracy (which is why Jacques Derrida deconstructs it in his Politics of Friendship). The third part turns to explore the “suspicious” status of friendship in the traditional, family-centered Chinese context, friendship’ssubversive use in this regard in the late imperial times (late Ming), and its oblivion in the modern process of modernization. The fourth as well as the last part concludes the essay with a tentative exposition of the continuing progressive potential of friendship “as a way of life,” based on its modern conflation with homosexuality.

Keywords: macro-history, modernity, politics of friendship, egalitarianism, homosexuality

壟斷的環境資訊：解析高科技環境知識生產之制度困境／杜文苓、何俊頤（99 民104.6 頁79-137）

本文從科技與社會（STS）研究的視角，討論現行科學園區環境知識生產的困境，嘗試解析高科技環境資訊產製背後的專業壟斷與資源結構限制等問題。本文以新竹科學園區周遭污染問題研究為案例，透過檢閱新竹高科技污染研究相關論文，並訪談環境知識產製者，瞭解有關高科技管制科學知識的生產樣貌，並指出有哪些外在的制度條件限制與管制科學的社會性格特色，阻礙了我們對高科技環境問題的理解。本文借用Gross（2007）對於「未知」面向的界分，以及Hess（2007）「該做而未做的科學」(undone science)的概念進行分析，發現政府與企業掌握了最多的污染現實與風險資訊，但最不願意、甚至恐懼這些資訊公開而使其成為一種被壓抑的知識（negative knowledge）。而非核心的研究社群成員，受限於研究資源，並在正當性爭取的過程中，考量著要以什麼樣的方式使「知道有問題但無法確知的知識（non-knowledge）」轉換為能夠掌握的擴展知識（extended knowledge）。最後，外圍的、「非專業的」，但無法外於污染、風險的公民社會、團體，則受到相當程度的排除，對環境風險處在一無所知（ignorance）的狀態。從理解高科技環境知識產製過程出發，本文進一步討論解困之道以及管制科學與社會鑲嵌的意義。

關鍵詞： 高科技、科技與社會研究（STS）、該做而未做之科學、管制科學、新竹科學園區

From the science, technology, and society (STS) perspective, this paper
provides a discourse on the plight of the environment knowledge production in
relation to Taiwan’s electronics manufacturing industries; and endeavors to
resolve the professional/information/resource monopoly as well as the structural
constraint problems behind the high-tech environmental informationp roduction system. This paper takes the high-tech pollution issues surrounding the Hsinchu Science Park (HSP) as case examples to explore the “knowledge gridlock” problems of environmental research related to the high-tech park. Through reviews of the scientific reports and interviews with the environmental scientists, this paper tries to map out the conditions that restrain the knowledge production and the social characteristics of regulatory science. Referring to Gross’ (2007) concept of “different types of unknowns” and Hess’ (2007) discussions on “undone science,” this paper differentiated several types of ignorance: “negative knowledge,” considered as unimportant or even dangerous by the government and polluters which hold most information about high-tech pollution and risk assessment; “non-knowledge,” is not known but is taken into account by some researchers for future planning of research in order to be transformed into the “extended knowledge;” and “nescience” occurs in the civil society because the public and local residents have been excluded from the risk management process. From the understanding of high-tech environmental information production process, this paper further discuss solutions and the meaning of social embeddedness of regulatory science.

Keywords: high-tech science, Technology and Society (STS), undone science, regulatory science, Hsinchu Science Park (HSP)

戰後初期日本傳播學的重建與亞洲傳媒研究理論框架的形成／林鴻亦（99 民104.6 頁139-179）

作為初探性研究，本文首先解釋日本國內亞洲論的特徵、釐清戰後主流政治勢力的亞洲觀，進一步窺探戰後初期（1945 年到整個1960年代）日本傳播學界如何建構對亞洲地區傳播環境的想像與實踐。此時不僅是美日合作建構政經體系的年代，對日本傳播學界而言，更是歷經德國新聞學、宣傳學轉變為美式大眾傳播學的轉捩點。大眾傳播學的輸入表面上有建設民主化日本的意圖，但觀察研究取向的變化與當時政經環境的關係，可以看出日本傳播學界研究亞洲的理論框架是否產生質變，而這個變化又是如何回應了主流政治勢力的亞洲觀。從結論看來，歷史學與社會心理學作為今後大眾傳播學的兩大取向，讓戰前以來日本社會科學領域中馬克思主義取向的傳統逐漸消逝，間接造就傳播學界的亞洲研究著重在歷史學取向的「報業四理論（four theories of the press）」及社會心理學取向的「發展傳播理論（theory of development communication）」。又這些理論作為觀看亞洲傳播環境的方法，也正好回應了日本主流政治勢力的亞洲觀及國族國家的政經需求。

關鍵詞： 亞洲研究、大眾傳播學、馬克思主義、報業四理論、發展傳播理論、亞洲傳播環境

In this preliminary research, we first described the characteristics of Japanese theoretical concepts regarding Asia, clarified such concepts from the perspective of post-war mainstream political forces, and then investigated how Japanese scholars in the field of mass communication interpreted images and practices from the communication environment in Asia during the early postwar period(from 1945 to the 1960s). This era not only featured cooperation between the United States and Japan to establish political and economic systems, but also marked a turning point for the Japanese academic communication community with their adoption of American-style mass communication. For the Japanese academic communication community, mass
communication was previously influenced by the German style of journalism and propaganda. On the surface, the concept of mass communication imported from the United States was intended to establish a democratic Japan. However, by observing the changes in the research approach and its relationship with the political and economic environment, one can determine that the theoretical frameworks used by the communication community in Japan underwent a qualitative change and how this change revealed the views of Asia held by the mainstream political forces. The results showed that the Japanese academic communication community has set historical and social-psychological approach, gradually eliminating the traditional Marxist approach within the field of social science in pre-war Japan. This indirectly indicated that the focus of Asian studies conducted in Japan was the historical approach (i.e., The FourTheories of the Press) and the social psychological approach (i.e., The Theory ofDevelopment Communication). These theories were used to assess the communication environment in Asia and could be used to reflect the views ofAsia held by the mainstream political forces, also presented the political and
economic demands of the nation.

Keywords: Asia study, mass communication studies, Marxism, four theories of the press, theory of development communication,

【問題與討論】
《三里灣》與趙樹理鄉村烏托邦的「另類」書寫／賀桂梅（99 民104.6 頁181-230）

關於毛時代中國農村的合作化運動歷史，迄今存在三種主要闡釋模式，即社會主義範式、啟蒙主義思路和現代化理論。著名作家趙樹理於1955年出版的《三里灣》，作為當代第一部表現這一運動的長篇小說，展現了不同於上述三種模式的另類性。論文基於趙樹理創作這一小說的過程、語境和訴求，從其獨特的文學再現形式和鄉村烏托邦敘事的歷史內涵這兩個層面，分析小說文本書寫的獨特性所在。在反思「文學」、「個體／主體」、「社會」、「村莊」、「中國」、「現代性」等基本範疇的基礎上，通過重新解讀《三里灣》，力求從認識論和方法論角度，突出一種基於鄉村社會傳統延續性而構建「社會主義」與「現代化」互相推進的歷史／文學想像的可能性。

關鍵詞： 農村合作化運動、烏托邦、社會主義、現代化、另類、鄉土中國、村莊

There are three main perspectives to expound the history of The Cooperative Movement in Mao’s China: socialist paradigm, enlightenment and modernization. While as the first novel that illustrates this movement, Zhao Shuli’s Sanliwan Village published in 1955 employs an alternative way. Based on the process, context and appeal of Zhao’s writing, this paper analyzes the unique literary representation in this novel and the historic connotation of the Utopia narrative of rural China. After examining terms such as ‘literature’,‘individual/subject’, ‘society’, ‘village’, ‘China’ and ‘modernity’, this paper intends to re-read Sanliwan Village from the perspectives of epistemology and methodology, proposing the possibility of the construction of historic/ literary imagination which combines both socialism and modernization on the basis of continuity of tradition.

keywords: The Cooperative Movement, Utopia, socialism, modernization, alternative writing, Rural China, village

【左異聲響】
中國與世界︰當代中國論述的興起、論辯與反思
「中國」如何作為方法？／劉世鼎（99 民104.6 頁231-241）
「中國想像」或是「亞洲想像」？「帝國／民族國家」語境下的中國論述／
許育嘉（99 民104.6 頁243-260）
對台灣而言的中國道路／張鈞凱（99 民104.6 頁261-277）
社會主義「商品經濟」的明清史迴響：從吳承明及其論述先行者談起／邱士杰（99 民104.6 頁279-296）
內在視野與現代性批判：試探汪暉之中國思想論／林峻煒（99 民104.6 頁297-313）

【書介與評論】
台灣是遷佔者國家，還是遷居者國家？ Settler State一詞翻譯的商榷／王槐仁（99 民104.6 頁315-336）

「遷佔者國家」（settler states）一詞，源自於社會學學者張茂桂對美國比較政治學家羅那．維惹（Ronald Weitzer）所著 “Transforming Settler States : Communal Conflict and Internal Security in Northern Ireland and Zimbabwe”一書的書評內容，維惹在著作中以北愛爾蘭與羅德西亞（辛巴威共和國的前身）為例，探討轉型中的遷佔者國家，主要是敍述北、羅二者在轉型過程中所發生的種族衝突與內部安全情形，由於維惹在書中曾多次提及台灣1949年的遷徙與其後的政治發展，因此有些學者以相同的觀點看待台灣為「遷佔者國家」。關於「遷佔」一詞，有遷入而佔領之意，若應用在北愛爾蘭與羅德西亞的案例中，可以得到理論的驗證；然而，相較於台灣的情況，則與北、羅二者有許多差異之處，因為對於1949 年遷入台灣的移民而言，他們是遷入而居住，若是以「遷居者國家」稱之，則較為適切。由於台灣是個多元文化的移民社會，各種意識型態的形成與發展，都可能會響影社會的族群融合、社會安定與社會凝聚，是以，本文試圖透過文獻檢閱，驗證與比較近代相關史實，並從台灣的觀點解讀羅那．維惹所定義的settler state 一詞，探究台灣在歷經1949 年國民政府遷台之後，是「遷佔者國家」，還是「遷居者國家」？

關鍵詞： 遷佔者國家、遷居者國家、台灣、遷居者、原居住民

When Ronald Weitzer defines the “Settler State” in his book, he mainly
discusses two cases, one is Rhodesia or Zimbabwe, the other is Northern Ireland. However, he also mentions several times about Taiwan. In some facets, the case of Taiwan meets for the definition of settler societies. For instance, in 1949, the migrant groups who assumed a superordinate position vis-a-vis native inhabitants and built a self-sustaining state that are de facto independent. However, Taiwan’s government has never de jure or de facto independent from the mother country. Furthermore, there are some differences between Taiwan and two cases of “Settler State”. So, this article tries to compare these differences, in order to inquire into whether Taiwan is an alternative “Settler State”?

Keywords: Settler State, Taiwan, settlers, native inhabitants, alternative “Settler State”