《台灣社會研究季刊》 第131期：

【一般論文】

餘者的故事：陳映真小說中的性／別／宋玉雯（131民114.8頁1-42）
陳映真（1937-2016）一生的書寫行動，體現當代重要的思想與文化課題，就其小說創作而言，也是以一種「文學」的方式從事歷史書寫，記錄冷戰期間第三世界民眾的故事。陳映真的文學創作與台灣社會的變化緊密相繫，毋寧可將之視為立足左翼的社會書寫和文化批判，部分篇章亦可作為知識分子的「心靈史」加以認識，而其小說中形形色色的「後街人物」，更留下諸多意味深長的身影，亟待論述重訪。
本文檢視陳映真1960-80年代的小說，著重考察其中再現的（左翼）女性群像，特別留意文本中不時閃現的「性／別罔兩」和「罔兩情感」。相應於其小說的寫實特質，本文主張採取「寫實」、「描述性」的閱讀策略，援引「罔兩問景」方法論，來解讀陳映真小說中的性／別，以期與採取「寓言式」閱讀取徑的前行研究對話，把握陳映真小說中所記錄的「餘者的故事」（the stories of the rest），進而指出「不帶道德評價」的敘事特色，正體現出陳映真一貫的左翼立場。
關鍵詞：陳映真、左翼文學、第三世界、現實主義、性／別
The lifelong authorship and practice of Chen Yingzhen (1937-2016) embody the contemporary intellectual and cultural issues of importance. His fictional creation was also a kind of historical writing in literary form, recording the stories of people in the Third World during the Cold War. Chen’s literary creation is closely related to the changes in Taiwanese society. It might as well be seen as a left-wing-based social writing and cultural critique, with some of the pieces being regarded as the “spiritual history” of intellectuals. Meanwhile, the various “backstreet characters” in his stories remain as intriguing images in readers’ minds, calling for revisits and discussion. This paper will examine Chen Yingzhen’s fictions between the 1960s and 1980s, focusing on the group image of (leftist) females, while paying particular attention to the “sexuality penumbra” and “penumbra affect” flashing in Chen’s stories. Corresponding to the realistic quality of his work, this paper proposes adopting a “realistic” and “descriptive” reading, while citing the methodology of “penumbrae query shadow,” to expound the gender/sexuality in Chen’s writings, in order to have a dialogue with previous research that adopts “allegorical” reading strategies. This paper attempts to grasp “the stories of the rest” recorded in Chen Yingzhen’s fictions, and to point out how the “none-moral-judgement” narrative feature properly reflects Chen’s consistent left-wing stance.
Keywords: Chen Yingzhen, left-wing literature, Third World, realism, gender/sexuality
Abstract

【專題論文】

「冷戰與技術援助」專題導言（續）／林果顯（131民114.8頁43-45）

地緣醫學的移動軌跡：NAMRU-2／美國海軍醫學第二研究所在臺灣和東南亞，1955-1979／謝新誼（131民114.8頁47-124）
受到近年來有關解殖歷史檔案（decolonizing archival praxis）的反省思潮啟發，本文以美國海軍醫學局（BUMED）的解密檔案及相關研究報告，分析於1955年至1979年遷址並駐紮臺灣期間的美國海軍醫學第二研究所（The US Naval Medical Research Unit Two, NAMRU-2）的地緣醫學活動，包含NAMRU-2在二戰尾聲關島的部署到戰後遷址臺灣並逐漸前進後轉向東南亞的一系列研究調查，和後續1967年於南越峴港和1970 年雅加達建立的第二研究所支部。本文主張，戰後NAMRU-2知識軌跡的移動是透過以臺灣作為流動中心（center of circulation）、美國海軍醫療局作為決策中心（center of calculation），體現出戰後臺灣作為日、美、中三大帝國交會邊陲的重要角色，以及二戰後中美合作體制與日本殖民醫學遺緒的延續。1950年代中期至1970年代初期，臺灣逐漸從美國海軍的醫學研究前沿轉變為南向的後勤基地，這一轉變過程鑲嵌在冷戰、越戰，以及針對亞洲熱帶疾病所構築的戰爭隱喻的交織影響。NAMRU-2 的地緣醫學鑲嵌在戰後科學國際主義和國際衛生的脈絡，是實驗室和田野科學交織影響的結果，其跨國動態、軍事和科學議程的合作與張力，亦彰顯知識生產背後的權力結構和殖民遺緒。透過將NAMRU-2在臺灣時期同時置於國際衛生和殖民醫學的宏大論述，並凸顯微小的科學物質行動者在其中的動態，本文試圖豐富去中心化的醫學衛生歷史書寫，向南方探索，以理解科學、地方和權力之間複雜的相互作用，並反思當前對於臺灣作為一種方法學實踐的可能。
關鍵詞：國海軍醫學第二研究所、戰後科學國際主義、熱帶疾病、地緣醫學、跨國史、戰後臺灣與東南亞、解殖歷史檔案
Drawing on recent critical reflections on decolonizing archival praxis, this article examines the geomedical activities of the US Naval Medical Research Unit Two (NAMRU-2) during its reactivation in Taiwan from 1955 to 1979. By using declassified Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) archives and scientific publications, this article traces NAMRU-2’s trajectory from its late–World War II deployment in Guam to its relocation to Taiwan and expansion into Southeast Asia, including branches in Da Nang (1967) and Jakarta (1970). Framing Taiwan as a center of circulation and BUMED as a center of calculation, this article highlights Taiwan’s role as a trans-empire borderland shaped by Japanese colonial legacies and Sino-US Cold War collaboration. From the mid-1950s to early 1970s, Taiwan shifted from a frontier of US Navy medical research to a logistical base for southward expansion, a transformation embedded in the Cold War, the Vietnam War, and the war metaphors of tropical disease. Situating NAMRU-2’s geomedical work within postwar scientific internationalism and international health campaigns, this article reveals the geopolitical power structures underlying its medical knowledge production and explores Taiwan’s methodological potential for understanding the entanglements of science, place, and power in the postwar world.
Keywords: NAMRU-2 (The U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit Two), postwar scientific
internationalism, tropical diseases, geomedicine, transnational history, postwar Taiwan and Southeast Asia, decolonizing archival praxis

隱形的美援順風車：冷戰時期台越、日越的美援採購政策與水泥貿易（1950-1969）／蕭明禮（131民114.8頁125-189）
長年以來，研究1950年代晚期影響台灣水泥出口因素的論著，多半認為受水泥生產過剩，以及業界內部技術革新等內在因素所驅動。但本文透過檔案文獻之爬梳，以及從生產成本、出口價格等數據之分析，認為至少到1960年代中期以前台灣水泥出口成本仍嫌偏高，無法完全凌駕鄰近最大競爭對手的日本。真正促成台灣水泥大量出口者，乃為1960 年底美國政府為避免貿易赤字擴大，宣布美援採購地區排除日本在內19 國之後，台灣水泥才因上述政策之轉變，取代日本成為越南最大水泥進口來源。此後台灣水泥在1960 年代，利用美援採購政策的保護，在越南市場形成獨佔地位，並利用越南市場累積之利潤改良生產技術、擴大生產規模，從而成為在東南亞、中東市場與日本競爭之強力對手。
關鍵詞：冷戰、美援、海外採購政策、水泥、日本、台灣、越南
For many years, most post-war studies on the development of the Taiwanese cement industry have suggested that Taiwan’s ability to export cement in the late 1950’s was driven primarily by internal factors. These include overproduction and technical innovations within the industry. This article, referencing data analysis based on export and production costs, however, argues that the Taiwanese cement industry had no international competition until the mid-1960s, as opposed to the Japanese cement industry. Driven by the US government’s efforts to avoid increased trade deficits in the late 1960s, and subsequent changes to the international aid policy, Taiwan was able to massively export cement. Taiwan thus replaced Japan as the largest importer of concrete in South Vietnam. Subsequently, Taiwanese cement was able to take advantage of these protections, and establish a monopoly in the Vietnamese market in the 1960s.
Keywords: Cold War, U.S. Aid, offshore procurement, cement, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam

【研究紀要】

連屬公共性與跨域靈力：臺北市「大樹公」的存活之道／王志弘、蔡宛芸（131民114.8頁191-238）
隨著都市開發、農業聚落解體及族群遷徙，原為地方社群自然信仰的「大樹公」面臨消失危機。然而，迄今仍有少數具靈力傳說的老樹及相關信仰棲居於都市中，彰顯傳統元素在現代紋理中的韌性，以及自然物轉化進入都市生活的過程。筆者通過文獻分析、實地考察及訪談，探討臺北市賦有靈力傳說的大樹公如何在現代都市中存活，藉此理解傳統性與現代空間的共存方式。研究發現，大樹公的存活與再生有幾種不同情形，涉及「連屬公共性」和「跨域靈力」及其物質條件。連屬公共性乃指大樹公連結上公園綠地、老樹保護和鄉土文史保存等治理議題，成為新都市紋理的一環。跨域靈力牽涉大樹公信仰與傳說的跨時空連結，藉此正當化其實質或象徵性存在。大樹公挾著傳統性與現代性、自然與城市、靈力與理性的混雜，彰顯了「不止於人」的都市生活。
關鍵詞：都市變遷、公共空間、樹木保護、非人、不止於人
With urban development, the disintegration of agricultural settlements and the migration of ethnic groups, the “deified trees” (dashugong), which were originally natural belief of local communities, are facing the risk of disappearing. However, there are still a few old trees with magic-power legends and related beliefs living in the city, demonstrating the resilience of traditional elements in modern textures and the process of transformation of natural objects into urban life. Through document analysis, fieldwork and interviews, the authors explore how Taipei City’s legendary deified trees which are endowed with magic power survive in the modern city, thereby understanding the coexistence of traditionality and modern space. The study found that there are several different situations for the survival and regeneration of the deified trees, involving “articulated publicness” and “trans-territorial magic power” and their material conditions. The articulated publicness means that the deified trees are connected with the governance issues such as public park and green space, old tree protection and local culture and history preservation, and becomes a part of the new urban texture. Trans-territorial magic power involves the cross-temporal and spatial connection of deified trees’ beliefs and legends, thereby justifying their substantial or symbolic existence. Deified trees demonstrate the “more-than-human” urban living with the mixture of traditionality and modernity, nature and city, as well as magic power and rationality.
Keywords: urban change, public space, tree protection, non-human, more than human

【左異聲響】
全球南方與全球北方的邊界：再思「Taiwan Can help」

導言／鍾秀梅、張馨文、鄭亘良（131民114.8頁239-244）
從種族滅絕到生態滅絕，再思「Taiwan Can Help」／盧倩儀（131民114.8頁245-274）
在那世界分裂的點上／Alain Brossat，鄭亘良譯，羅惠珍校對（131民114.8頁275-287）