《台灣社會研究季刊》 第35期：

社會鑲嵌與產業政策專題

一個半邊陲的浮現與隱藏：國際鞋類市場網絡重組下的生產外移／鄭陸霖(35 民88.9 頁1-46 )

資本主義乃是一個歷史性的全球經濟現象，具體展現在以組織與技術為基礎所支撐起來的跨國勞動等級體系。本研究處理台灣鞋廠自八年代末期開始的海外投資，強調：生產基地的外移可以而且必須被視為國際鞋類供應／採購市場網絡調整的一部份來理解。換言之，生產基地的區域移動是個包括國際買主、成鞋製造廠、中間貿易商、材料供應商等眾多廠商，在高度不確定的市場環境中多邊協調的過程。本文的論點可以分底下三個層次說明：首先，在80年代以降國際鞋業供應市場的全球重構中，台灣弔詭地一方面隱藏其份量，卻也同時浮現了它半邊陲的軸心角色：彈性地調節核心跨國買主的佈局與邊陲廉價勞力的供應。其次，本文藉經驗地檢視鞋類國際市場，這個與主流經濟學市場模型最接近的現實個案，以突出「價格中介」市場模型的侷限性，以及它在論述上掩飾「半邊陲」的虛假。最後，本文援引經濟社會學為助力，批判「抽象市場的全球主義」外，同時對於將「社會鑲嵌」侷限於「在地空間」的「社會學式的謬誤」也提出反省。

This article studies the offshore investments of Taiwanese footwear producers since the late 1980s. I argue that the production reallocation is and has to be studied as only a part of the network restructuring of the international footwear supply/sourcing market. In other words, the production site transition involves multilateral adjustments of and among footwear producers, trading companies, international buyers, and material suppliers in the market. The task requires us to conceive markets as socially embedded in trust-mediated transactions, instead of an asocial price mechanism matching atomic economic actors. On the supplier's side, I show that the Taiwanese footwear industrial district was implanted in China in the form of an internationally linked but locally enclave economy, which was buffered from disturbance by an institutional arrangement of "pseudo OEM." On the buyer's side, I demonstrate the difficult efforts of buyers in coordinating network restructuring. In the early 1980s, buyers of different kinds rushed to place orders directly to China. They failed and then adjusted to participate in the readjustments of the existing sourcing networks. The rise of Taiwan's semi-peripheral status in the restructured networks of international footwear supply urges us to rethink the "third world industrialization" in the new order of global capitalism, which is often masked with the "free market."

成長與產業組織：台灣與南韓自行車業的比較研究／瞿宛文、李佳靜(35 民88.9 頁47-74)

本文比較了台灣南韓兩國自行車業的發展途徑，並說明它們成長模式與經濟表現的異同，而台灣自行車業的表現一直都比南韓優異。自行車業的產業特性—無資產特定性—意味著運用市場的成本會比用內部組織來的低，亦即在競爭之下這產業不會是垂直整合的。在台灣，當1971年左右美國訂單大批湧到之際，中小企業能大量及時湧現並形成零組件網絡，是台灣能夠建立領先地位之關鍵因素，南韓以大企業著稱，而大企業未能協助扶植一零組件網絡，直到1980年初政府大力介入協助扶植零組件網絡，南韓自行車業才開始快速成長，但時機已稍晚。這意味著對產業發展而言，產業結構不是最重要的因素，產業政策才是，在適當時機採行最適合的產業政策是促進產業發展的關鍵因素。

This paper compares the development of the bicycle industry inTaiwan and South Korea, and accounts for the different growth pattern. The performance of the bicycle industry in Taiwan has been much better than that of its Korean counterpart. The transaction cost hypothesis helps to explain the advantage of the specialized system of parts production. Timely emergence of numerous small firms in Taiwan was crucial for its success, for it allowed the industry to achieve scale economies and specialization in both the assembling and parts sectors simultaneously since export growth began. The Korean large enterprise alone was not able to achieve that. The Korean government was successful in pushing the assembling and parts sectors at the same time in 1982-86, but recent development proved that the effort came somewhat too late, for the overall economic changes have rendered Korea unsuitable for labor-intensive industries in the late 1980s. It would be hard for other LDCs to emulate Taiwan's success; while the Korean case might be more relevant to other LDCs.

流動的鑲嵌：新竹科學工業園區的勞動力市場與高科技發展／徐進鈺(35 民88.9 頁75-118)

一般論文

戰後台灣民間資本積累之探討：以紅糖經營者為例／張怡敏(35 民88.9 頁119-162)

本文以象徵戰後台灣民間資本源流之一的紅糖經營者為研究對象，探討國家權力為保護公營台糖獨佔地位，使其在外銷日本面對琉球烏糖排擠與紅糖需求日漸萎縮的危機時，無法升級改製白糖以轉型而提早結束糖業之經營。惟其資本活動並未隨紅糖產業的沒落而消失，反而立基於其既有的發展基礎，對應國際分工體系與國內政權的外來性，而得以繼續生存或更進一步的發展，在戰後台灣資本主義發展過程中，顯現出台灣民間資本具延續性的一面。

Taking the brown sugar industry, one of the lasting Taiwanese private capital dating back to the 16th century, as one example, this paper sets to explore how this capital survive the state's discrimination. Although the Taiwan Sugar Company, one of the government's enterprises, joined the Ryukyu brown sugar industry in squeezing it out of sugar business, its activities have not been disappearing but embedded themselves into the international division of manufacturing system and the Nationalist Party regime. Therefore, counter to one prevailing argument that this capital has always been since dominated or wiped away by the Nationalist regime, the author points to its 'relative autonomy' form or co-operation with the state power.

負顯化：觀看借竅儀式的一種方法／宋文里(35 民88.9 頁163-202)

問題與討論

科技神話的夢魘：民生別墅住宅輻射災害的社會心理衝擊／畢恆達、郭一勤(35 民88.9 頁203-254)

本研究透過環境壓力與科技災害的觀點，探討國內陸續發現的住宅輻射鋼筋污染事件，住戶之心理歷程以及國家對於事件介入與處理態度的轉變。研究以民生別墅輻射鋼筋污染事件為個案，透過對住戶、政府官員、環保團體、媒體記者的深入訪談，以及媒體相關報導與政府相關出版品的蒐集做為研究、分析的基本資訊。

輻射傷害對居民健康的影響深遠卻又難以預測；它易於導致血液及細胞病變，並可能經由遺傳而延及子女。因此住宅輻射污染對居民自我概念、個人控制與生活世界產生極大的影響；這個影響也造成家庭及社會關係的轉變。一個由房屋市場邏輯所虛構的社區，在抗爭的過程中被改造並且賦予新的社會意義。同時，這個案例更凸顯專家與民眾對於環境污染事件認知上的差異，專家透過「科學的邏輯」把輻射污染與致病的關係化約為簡單的數學問題，可是對民眾來說卻是切身的傷害與長遠的擔憂。然而，環境災害問題其實是國家長期以來以發展經濟掛帥的都市、環保、能源政策的產物。從這個脈絡中思考，才真正有助於協助居民災後復健工作及政府對事件處理的反省。

Over the past five years one hundred buildings have been detected as being contaminated by the radioactivity, Min-Seng-Bie-Shu is one of the most seriously contaminated buildings. From an environmental psychology approach, this research tries to explore the nature of the radioactive disaster, its impacts of the victim's self concept, sense of personal control, neighboring, the change of the meaning of home, and the sense of community, as well as the discrepancy and conflict between scientific rationality and the victim's daily experiences.