《台灣社會研究季刊》 第65期：

一般論文

戰後台灣經濟成長原因之回顧：論殖民統治之影響與其他／瞿宛文(65民 96.3 頁 01-34)

東亞諸國戰後經濟發展的成績遠優於其他後進國家，但要如何解釋這表現上的差異，則是經濟發展領域中有高度爭議性的重要課題。本文以台灣戰後經濟發展為題，檢討關於台灣戰後經濟發展成因的各種不同解釋，期望有助釐清此重要議題。本文從「日本殖民統治是否帶來台灣戰後工業化」這問題來切入探討，並援引了南韓方面在這問題上的論爭與討論。學者幾都同意在日據時期，殖民政府在台灣引進了殖民現代化，幫助奠立日後工業化的基礎，因此爭議之處應在於殖民統治影響，是否帶來了可以自行持續發展的資本主義發展。雖然持自由市場論的主流經濟學者認為必然如此，但這是需要被證明檢驗的。

就本文所提問題，其他相關主要解釋因素為：冷戰架構與美國角色，國民政府在大陸時期的傳承，國民政府在台灣時期的作為。在經濟發展理論層次，自由市場論與結構學派，在公共政策所能扮演的角色上有截然不同的看法，這基本理論取向也影響了各種歷史性的解釋。我們未來必須進一步探討台灣戰後初期發展的實際情況，察看這些相關因素如何發生作用並影響到戰後台灣的經濟發展，才能真正回答上述的提問。

關鍵字：台灣、經濟成長原因、日本殖民統治、國民政府、產業政策、冷戰

How to account for East Asian economic development has been an important and controversial topic in development economics. This paper uses Taiwan’s postwar development as an example, and examines the various explanations of Taiwan’s superior postwar growth record, hoping to shed some light on this complex problem.

This paper first explores the controversy regarding to what extent, if any, the Japanese colonial legacy was responsible for the postwar industrialization in South Korea and Taiwan. The debate on the Korean case is discussed. Regarding the case of Taiwan, most scholars would agree that the colonial government introduced colonial modernity and helped to lay the foundation of subsequent industrialization. The contention hence lies in whether the colonial legacy had “automatically” brought forth sustained economic development in the postwar period. For those economists adhering to the free market doctrines this would be self-evident, but for others the claim remains unproven and needs to be carefully scrutinized.

Other explanatory factors include: the postwar cold war framework and the US role, the Chinese Republican legacy on the Mainland, and the actual policy actions undertaken by the Nationalist government in the early postwar period. Different theories assign different weights to each of these factors. We will need further studies to examine the actual development process in the early postwar period in Taiwan to verify the validity of the relevant theories.

Keywords:Taiwan, causes of economic growth, Japanese colonialism, Nationalist

移工、跨國仲介與制度設計：誰從台越國際勞動力流動獲利？／王宏仁、白朗潔(65民 96.3 頁 35-66)

本研究以越南─臺灣之間的跨國勞工移動過程為例，來探討制度設計如何影響國際的勞工移動過程、移動的費用，以及哪些人從此中獲利。我們認為，兩國的仲介利益團體試圖去影響各自政府的政策與制度設計，加上臺灣與外國政府之間外交關係，形成了臺灣的客工計畫與禁止雇主轉換的規定，這些因素綜合起來，形成目前移工的兩個困境：高額仲介費用以及惡劣的勞動條件。移工在臺灣的工作所得都因為此制度的設計，而被臺灣、越南雙方的其他人士拿走。

關鍵字：制度論、移工、仲介、臺灣、越南

In this paper we argue that the common discourse on labor export as a kind of economic development policy to raise poor people’s social welfare is doubtful. The question we raise is “who benefits from this labor export”. Through the analysis of Taiwan-Vietnam labor migration, we document how most surpluses produced by these migrant workers are appropriated by elites in the two countries. All activities involved in the migratory process are profit-oriented. This highly commercialized international labor market, constructed by numerous intermediary agents scattered in both countries, set in the institutional context of Taiwan government’s guestworker scheme and employer-bonded regulation, creates the bonded migrant workers in the bottom of a transnational social hierarchy. Based on extensive fieldwork in Vietnam and Taiwan, this paper offers a detailed example of the context and problems with the international market of migrant workers within Asia.

Keywords:Institution, migrant worker, placement agency, Taiwan, Viet Nam

愛美有理、奢華無罪？從台灣社會的皮草時尚風談自戀、誘惑與享受／黃宗慧(65民 96.3 頁 67-116)

有鑒於當代的台灣社會對於各種自戀的追求乃至各式各樣的享受都表現出包容甚或鼓勵，本論文以皮草時尚風為例，檢視這些對於自戀與享受的歌頌在遭逢特殊狀況時—例如當動保人士發起反皮草運動、瞬間引發媒體批判皮草穿戴者時—會產生怎樣的變化。論文分三部份，第一部份分析時尚論述在台灣造成的「女性自戀」如何被草率地等同於「女性自主」，並以皮草時尚為例，討論在反皮草風波下被點名批判的穿皮草者，其反應背後的心理結構與自戀機制的運作如何相關；第二部份針對波希亞(Jean Baudrillard)的理論作深入闡釋：由於當今主體坦然接受被誘惑的命運，看似和波希亞所謂以「致命策略」顛覆自啟蒙以來的主體觀頗有呼應，故論文擬從波希亞本身的理論來看，他談論時尚與誘惑的說法能如何用以解讀當代社會的這些現象；第三部份則就反皮草運動所遭遇的壓力，探討反皮草運動是否干預了他人享受的自由？此部份主要是以精神分析的理論，將享受一詞不同層次的意義作更深入的探討，以思考在全球化的年代，個人的享受與他者之間的衝突應如何處理。

關鍵字：自戀、誘惑、享受、波希亞、反皮草運動

In The End of Dissatisfaction? Jacques Lacan and the Emerging Society of Enjoyment, Todd McGowan claims that the American society has taken off the straitjacket of prohibitions and transfigured itself into a society oriented around enjoyment (2004: 2). Contemporary Taiwan seems to be no exception. In our society, fashion reigns supreme and narcissism becomes the norm primarily because people are instructed not to shy away from enjoyment. Nevertheless, does the narcissistic subjects’ unbridled pursuit of enjoyment indeed anticipate their emancipation from the regulation of the symbolic order? Moreover, if Jean Baudrillard is right in construing the ludic seduction as a figure of freedom, does it make any sense to take the ludic simply for having fun, and then laud the subjects’ surrender to the spell of global capitalism as the Baudrillardian seduction? In this paper, the heated controversies over fur fashion in Taiwan will be the point of departure to address the issues of narcissism, seduction and enjoyment.
In 2005, the Environment and Animal Society of Taiwan showed a video footage of the Chinese fur farm, in which animals such as foxes and minks are skinned alive. Being sensitive to the general antipathy toward animal cruelty in public opinion, mass media coverage sets out to launch scathing criticism of the fur fashionistas for endorsing the inhumane fur industry. Noticing that the fur fashionistas’ narcissistic self-empowerment is dislocated in the wake of the anti-fur campaign, in the first section of this paper, I argue that the narcissistic structure can never be independent of the symbolic determination and thus the self-sufficiency of the narcissistic subject is nothing but an illusion. The second section elaborates on Baudrillard’s theory of seduction, especially his analysis of the characteristics of fashion, in order to rectify the misconception that Baudrillard has unconditionally celebrated all kinds of postmodern seduction. The last section examines, from a psychoanalytic perspective, the confront
ation between the imaginary enjoyment of the fur fashionistas and the real enjoyment of the animal activists. While the animal activists are accused by the furriers and their cohorts of depriving the other’s enjoyment, I contend that it is they that should be faulted for maximizing the enjoyment of human beings at the cost of the animal-others.

小國的學術困境：臺灣社會科學研究、教學與評量的反省／黃樹仁(65民 96.3 頁 117-180)

本文藉由一系列預設、推論、模擬、與經驗參照等，來推論學術規模偏小對臺灣此等學術小國社會科學發展的影響。

與政治、社會、經濟、學術歷史等條件相近的大國相比，小國社會科學規模偏小，不僅限制學術生產的總量，而且降低本土研究與教學的平均品質，乃至於降低學術評量、學術領導階層與學術政策的素質。這是規模此一物質條件所致，不是制度更張或學者個人修為所能克服。甚至不是多撥研究經費所能改善。

本文也推論，改善小國社會科學發展的關鍵，一是擴大學界規模，藉以增加集體研究累積。二是擴大校系規模，提高資源使用效率。三是每學門成立幾個較大的特優系所，藉由聚集幾位原創學者而達到推動學術良性發展的臨界值，帶動系所與學界的研究與教學發展。四是鼓勵不擅研究的學者從事學術翻譯來代替低品質的研究，以增加教材。

關鍵字：社會科學、規模、品質、研究、教學

This paper employs a series of assumptions, deductions, simulations, and empirical references to infer the impact of small scale on the development of social sciences in small nations like Taiwan.

It is found that the small scale of social sciences community in small nations would reduce not only the overall quantity of academic production, but also the average quality of research, teaching, evaluation, academic leadership, and academic policy. These shortages are caused by the material condition of scale, therefore could not easily be corrected by institutional design or individual endeavor, or even larger research budget.

It is inferred that the most essential steps to alleviate these predicaments of small nations would be, firstly, to significantly expand the scale of social sciences community; secondly, to enlarge the size of universities and departments; thirdly, to establish in each discipline several leading departments sizable enough to be endowed with several distinguished scholars as a core to lead the research and teaching in these departments and their discipline in large; and, finally, to encourage translation of foreign works in order to increase the reading material available to students.

問題與討論

台灣戰後民主運動的反思與檢討編案(65民 96.3 頁181)

台灣戰後經濟發展與民主運動／瞿宛文(65民 96.3 頁183-190)

台灣戰後政治思想與民主運動／江宜樺(65民 96.3 頁 191-199)

主權政治的苦腥滋味：關於晚近政潮的幾段劄記／錢永祥(65民 96.3 頁 201-213)

台灣民主困境的社會根源／李丁讚(65民 96.3 頁 215-225)

做為社會動力的社區與城市：全球化下對社區營造的一點理論上的思考／夏鑄九(65民 96.3 頁 227-248)

台灣民主政治困境，還是自由民主的困境？／王紹光(65民 96.3 頁 249-256)

東亞民主困境與當代思維陷阱／朱雲漢(65民 96.3頁 257-263)

他山之石可以攻錯：從對照中重讀香港與台灣的民主經驗／丘延亮(65民 96.3頁 265-276)