《台灣社會研究季刊》 第82期：
專題論文—邊界的解構與再生
「近似家人，實非親故」：移工情感勞動與影像親密性的文化政治／黃宗儀、李紀舍(82 民 100.06 頁 05-30)
本文藉由分析《八東病房》、《娘惹滋味》與《我倆沒有明天》三部關注在台外籍移工處境的紀錄與劇情片來探討邊界繁生的複雜意涵。幾部影片的拍攝皆出於對在台外籍移工的深刻關懷與認同，這些作品也在為家務勞工／看護工發聲上扮演日益重要的角色。《八東病房》（2006）為台灣國際勞工組織製作出品的紀錄片；劇情片《娘惹滋味》（2007）由公共電視出品播放，旨在推動多元文化視野，促進外籍配偶融入台灣社會；《我倆沒有明天》（2003）也曾在公共電視播放。這三部影片都將觀眾與外籍移工角色的親密性根植於家庭喻象（family trope），導演善意地將移工比喻為家庭成員，以塑造其溫和可親的形象。透過移工在工作場域裡與台灣人近身接觸的經驗來肯定他們，視覺親密性因此轉化為強化認同移工的重要來源。然而，家庭喻象的複雜性需要經過嚴格的批判性檢視，看似親密的家人影像再現也必須被置入家務勞動／看護工作的內在邏輯，也就是「近似家人，實非親故」（like a family, but not quite）的弔詭情境中來深入探討。本文將說明即便這些影像工作者試圖將移工納為「家庭的一份子」，這些善意的嘗試同時可能捲入由政府的勞工引進機制所操控的複雜邊界管理而與之難分難解。藉由審視這三部影片，我們企圖深究僱用移工與善待移工之間難以消解的緊張關係，釐清對外籍移工日常表現的肯定與國家管制他們所採取的限制性治理兩者間的錯結糾葛。
關鍵字：生命政治、視覺再現、台灣外籍家務勞工／看護工、情感勞動
In this paper we analyze closely three works representative of recent filmic representations about how female foreign laborers are treated in Taiwan: Hospital 8 East Wing (2006), by the Taiwan International Workers Association (TIWA) labor organization, Nyonya's Taste of Life (2007), aired on the Public Television Service (PTS) Channel to promote a multicultural approach to integrating foreign spouses into Taiwanese society, and We Don't Have a Future Together, also aired on PTS (2003). All of the three films are well-meaning endeavors that cast migrants into affable cinematic images by likening them to family members. Meanwhile, the audience is encouraged to identify with the protagonist workers and develop cinematic intimacy with the characters. Our assessment of cinematic representation takes place within a critical analysis of the constitutive logic of domestic/healthcare work, namely the paradox of being “like a family, but not quite”. In spite of the fact that these film makers attempt to include the migrant laborers as “one of the family,” such benign efforts are entangled with complex border management. As a result, in examining these three films we inquire into the unsettled tensions between congenial affirmation of migrant workers and the constrictive governance of migrant labor for the state's regulatory purposes.
Keywords: biopolitics, visual representations, foreign domestic workers/health care workers in Taiwan, emotional labor
我們有多元文化城市嗎？台北都會區東南亞族裔領域化的機制、類型與作用／王志弘(82 民 100.06 頁 31-84)
本文以台北都會區東南亞消費空間為例，探討「族裔領域化」的機制和作用。族裔領域化即「族裔性」在領域上的構成，常呈現為「族裔化地方」的形成，但不局限於地理聚集，還牽涉多重跨界和劃界動態。台灣的東南亞族裔領域化往往呈現為不同於「族裔聚居區」或「飛地」的節奏化消費地景，以東南亞華人和婚姻移民為中介角色，隨著交通、地租和文化供需而位於特定區位。這些特性須安置於跨國流移、公民資格差別化賦予、都市治理策略，以及階級劃界等，不同尺度的領域化機制中來理解，展現為幾種相互重疊的消費地景類型：文化經濟邏輯下的異國象徵地景、族裔經濟邏輯下的維生地景、公民資格和地產權保障下的族裔飛地，以及階級劃界與都市更新下竄流的縫隙地景。本文亦展望這些族裔化地方的可能正向作用：就東南亞族裔而言，族裔化地方成為族裔經濟網絡和族裔公共空間的跨國節點，可能發揮從縫隙到槓桿的功效。就台灣社會而言，族裔領域化呈現了由劃界到中介混雜的動態，可能開展異類共存、反思我群的倫理效果；亦即族裔化地方的存在和運作，有構成多元族裔城市之交流邊境和「反身鏡域」的潛能。
關鍵字：族裔化地方、領域化、公民資格、都市治理、跨國網絡
This paper discusses the structural mechanisms and functions of “ethnic territorialization” through the case of Southeast Asian consumptive space in Taipei metropolitan area. Ethnic territorialization means the territorially construction of ethnicity which often leads to the forming of ethnic places or clusters, but it also involves multiple boundary-crossing and boundary-making. Firstly, the author argues that the mechanisms of Taipei'sSoutheast Asian ethnic territorialization include transnational diaspora, difference in citizenship, urban governance strategies, and class boundary-making which act on different geographical scales. And the combination of different mechanisms brings about four overlapping types of consumptive landscapes: exotic landscape under cultural economy, survival landscape under ethnic economy, ethnic enclave under citizenship and house ownership, and the flowing interstitial landscape under class exclusion and urban renewal. Finally, in prospecting for the positive functions of these ethnic places, there are two dimensions: (1) for the Southeast Asian migrants, they act as transnational nodes of ethnic economic network and ethnic public space which may change from marginal “interstice” to social “levers” and (2) for Taiwanese society, these ethnic places arouse dynamics of border-crossing and hybridity, and may foster a spatial ethics of coexistence for acting as “reflexive heterotopia” in a multi-ethnic city.
Keywords: ethnic place, territorialization, citizenship, urban governance, transnational network
從屬的「越南新娘」與台越仲介婚姻／龔宜君 (82 民 100.06 頁 85-122)
在本篇文章中，作者以有別於「理性選擇」與「利潤」的觀點來討論台越跨國仲介婚姻；而以仲介過程所造成的性別政治效果，來說明台越仲介婚姻是一種形塑兩性關係的重要機制。在具體的研究內容上，本文試圖藉由仲介婚姻的過程（「養新娘」、「相親」、「新娘學校」）等帶有儀式性的運作方式，來討論仲介婚姻如何為既定的社會性別秩序提供了實踐證明，並確認了越南女性和從屬性之社會角色之間的公開關係。
本研究發現，「越南新娘」在台灣出現的原因，一方面是在於作為仲裁機制的台灣社會成員所秉持的性契約倫理觀；另一方面，則是人們對仲介婚姻儀式過程主觀感知的客觀化結果。性契約的倫理觀讓仲介婚姻得以存在，而通過仲介婚姻過程中的運作方式，「越南新娘」作為從屬者的社會形象成為客觀存在的認識對象。
關鍵字：跨國仲介婚姻、從屬化、性契約、越南新娘、台灣
This paper examines the subordination of women in Taiwanese-Vietnamese international matchmaking marriage. Author casts doubt on the “rational choice” argument which downplay the subordination side of international matchmaking marriage. The central thesis is that subordination caused by commoditized international matchmaking marriage not only come form money exchange women in openly market but also realized by matchmaking operations which embedded patriarchal ideology. In this paper author will identifies three mechanisms- recruiting of the brides (collecting the brides), blind date (brides shopping), bride'sschool (making Taiwanese wife), through these matchmaking mechanisms Vietnamese girls will be transformed become Taiwanese subordinated wives in private and public sphere.
Keywords: international matchmaking marriage, subordination, sexual contract, Vietnamese-brides, Taiwan
結構限制下的能動性施展：台越跨國婚姻受暴婦女的動態父權協商／唐文慧、王宏仁(82 民 100.06 頁 123-170)
本研究探討面對跨國婚姻衝突的新移民女性在台灣的社會結構下，如何在不同的婚姻階段與父權家庭結構討價還價，在有限的選擇中，找到自己生命的出路。透過訪談16位越南籍女性配偶與3位台灣丈夫，我們發現，台越兩國性別文化的差異，表現在跨國婚姻夫妻對彼此性別角色期待的落差，導致家庭內部與夫妻的衝突。受暴的新移民越南女性積極爭取外出工作，結果雖然讓新移民女性漸獲充權，卻可能導致夫妻雙方的衝突更為升高、暴力加劇，甚至婚姻的破裂。我們發現，對於這群女性來說，外出工作並不只是經濟理由，她們透過就業的機會，逐步地增進個人資源，並改變與夫家互動方式與權力關係。研究同時發現，兩個台灣特殊的社會結構因素：家庭暴力防治法與中小企業為主的市場結構，有利於這群女性外出工作，最後成為能走出婚姻暴力的主要力量。
關鍵字：越南女性移民、工作、父權、跨國婚姻、能動性
This paper explores how Vietnamese migrant women in Taiwan find a way out of Taiwanese patriarchal family structures in different marital stages with their own limited resources. We argue that getting a job outside family is a reason causing domestic violence, and also the catalyst to initiate a dynamic process of negotiating the patriarchy family system, and probably result in leaving unhappy marriage and pursuing an independent life of their own.
With in-depth interview of sixteen Vietnamese migrant women and three of their husbands, it shows that getting a job is not only motivated by economic reason, but also an important factor to gain resources to negotiate patriarchy family in this dynamic process. The gender roles expectation gap between Taiwanese husband and Vietnamese wife often results in conflict view of getting a job, and division of labor in domestic affairs. In Taiwan, two structural factors, i.e., the Domestic Violence Prevention Law and small- and medium-sized enterprises structures, facilitate these migrant women to escape the constraints set by their patriarchy families.
Keywords: Vietnamese migrant women, work, patriarchy, cross-border marriages, agency
研究紀要
治理「文化治理」：傅柯、班奈特與王志弘／吳彥明(82 民 100.06 頁 171-204)
就理論或是實踐的層面上，傅柯本人並沒有正面發想「文化治理」這個概念，主要是涉及政治上的自由主義以及新自由主義，而這也是現有文獻著力甚深的面向。當然，傅柯或多或少也指涉了宗教、家庭、性別以及主體建構的治理，但「文化」這個字彙始終不在他或是目前主流治理性文獻的理論議程之中。歐美學術圈之所以會有「文化治理」的概念，當然是受到Tony Bennett的影響甚鉅，而在台灣的人文社會學科之中，論及「文化治理」的討論，王志弘一系列的作品也必然是對話的對象。因此本文的書寫策略就是從傅柯、Bennett與王志弘三位學者的著作來依序進行討論。總的來說，本文試圖想做的，並非是對傅柯式的「治理性」或是Bennett的「文化治理」這兩個概念進行系譜學的分析，畢竟前者已有學者多有著墨了，後者目前也有一些退燒了；而是，在他們的基礎上，試圖對「文化治理」在台灣這個既是研究領域也是研究方法的概念進行反思與檢討。
本文發現，傅柯本身有三種版本的治理性解讀。而Bennett與王志弘兩位學者，基於不同的學術生產脈絡，對於文化治理的理論化工程則是大相逕庭，前者主動與傅柯進行對話，對於文化治理的理論化比較偏向傅柯第二版本的治理性，並將文化治理與文化政治切割開來；而後者基於與都市治理研究的對話成果，則是認為文化治理與文化政治兩者是相互指涉的。鑑於以上這點，本文作者進一步指出，文化治理在台灣的理論化工程是發散而不明確的，無法突顯出文化與治理之間的歷史性與理論關係性。
關鍵字：治理性、文化治理、文化政治、傅柯
Theoretically or practically, Foucault himself didn't elaborate the “cultural governance”. Rather, both his main focus and the current literature are linked to the liberalism and neo-liberalism. Without any question, Foucault more or less referred to the government of religion, family, gender and subject, but the “cultural”is eventually excluded from his or mainstream theoretical agenda. Tony Bennett enacted the “cultural governance” as a research agenda. And in Taiwan, the pilot scholar was Chih-hung Wang. Therefore, logically, the author tries to elaborate the “cultural governance” based on these three scholars' writings sequentially. In doing so, this article's main problematic is to introspect and criticize the “cultural governance” as a rising sub-field of cultural studies or sociology in Taiwan.
This article concludes that Foucault himself had three distinct but intrinsically related versions of governmentality. Bennett and Chih-hung Wang, based on different intellectual context, theorized two contrasted versions of cultural governance. Bennett actively involved and dialogued with Foucault, his interpretation contrasted the cultural governance with cultural politics and was much more linked to the second version of Foucault. Conversely, Chih-hung Wang, who was trained in urban governance and political economy school, argued that cultural governance and cultural politics is mutual-reference. Accordingly, the author argues that the theorization of cultural governance in Taiwan is blurring and defocusing, unable to the highlight the historical-ness and theoretical connection between culture and governmentality.
Keywords: Governmentality, cultural governance, cultural politics, Foucault
文化治理是不是關鍵詞？／王志弘(82 民 100.06 頁 205-212)
書介與評論
橫向思考的東亞圖景：評白樂晴與白永瑞近作／孫歌 (82 民 100.06 頁 213-243)
閱讀「架構」與「創新」之過去、現在與未來：評介Internet Architecture and Innovation／劉靜怡 (82 民 100.06 頁 245-260)
左異聲響
「高教發展與評鑑制度」專題引言／許雅斐 (82 民 100.06 頁 261-265)
台灣社會科學學術評鑑制度的理想與現實：以社會學為例／黃厚銘 (82 民 100.06 頁 267-279)
建構教授們的自律主體：台灣的大學學術評鑑治理術／徐進鈺 (82 民 100.06 頁 281-288)
有錢趕快撈的彈性薪資制度／李威儀 (82 民 100.06 頁 289-294)
從「樹人」到「術人」：反思台灣的大學教育主體性／劉雅芳 (82 民 100.06 頁 295-299)
