《台灣社會研究季刊》 第95期:

95

 

【一般論文】

展演健康、建構市場:法國肺炎鏈球菌疫苗市場的展演性分析/陳宗文(95 民103.6 頁1-55)

本論文以展演性(performativity)市場觀點,分析美商惠氏公司的7價結合型肺炎鏈球菌疫苗在法國的採用歷程。疫苗展演性意指其必須表現出對健康的促進有效,也就是透過疫苗廠商的在地社會部署、疫苗專業社群在制度相關方面的部署、以及疫苗作為主要行動者透過其獨特的技術屬性之部署,而使得各等部署可以表現出肺炎鏈球菌疫苗在法國確實是安全有效的,可以展演出健康的事實,並透過在地論述部署,建構出穩定的疫苗市場秩序。本論文主張新興疫苗的市場不純然是跨國藥廠的單方面策略作為,也不是僅靠國家政策的介入,而是一種脈絡化具體事實的社會建構。

關鍵詞: 肺炎鏈球菌疫苗、疫苗市場、防疫政策、展演性、部署

This article uses the concept of performativity, in accompaniment with a
politico-cultural approach, to study the case of a new heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in France and to argue that markets of highly valued vaccines can be constructed without market failure. The new pneumococcal vaccine is performative only when it is proved to be effective and safe through various dispositifs around technological properties of the vaccine. Human and non-human actors realize these dispositifs, including social dispositifs from efforts of vaccines producers, institutional dispositifs created by vaccine expert groups, technological dispositifs from specific behaviors of the vaccine and other dispositifs contributed by pediatricians and infants’ bodies. The performativity of the pneumococcal vaccine in health ensures domestic market orders and thus realizes market construction. The author argues that markets of emerging vaccines are created neither by mere strategies of vaccine companies nor through political intervention of state. Rather, the vaccine market is a contextual and concrete reality of social construction.

Keywords: pneumococcal vaccines, vaccine markets, immunization policy, performativity, dispositive

 

社會疏離與勞動體制:深圳富士康新生代農民工的都市狀態初探/楊友仁(95 民103.6 頁57-108)

移工在異地的生活方式,也是一種都市狀態,富士康農民工的生活方式,某個程度是「疏離都市狀態」,社會互動機會匱乏。本文從社會學的角度探索,是怎樣的結構限制,讓深圳富士康的農民工,產生了社會疏離的生活狀態?透過實證研究,我們分析深圳富士康農民工基本的社會經濟狀況,發現普通工人在深圳成家落戶的經濟門檻非常高,以戶籍制度為代表的制度門檻,基本上也是經濟性的限制。本文強調,中國大陸轉型經濟所形構的打工體制,不利於新生代農民工的關係網絡拓展與社會資源累積,對他們的社會流動產生很大制約;其次,富士康諸多部門的勞動控制策略,係以行使專制權力來獲取工人的從屬性,有意識地打散工人可能的社會連帶,以利基層幹部操弄工作場所政治,更加劇打工體制對於民工社會生活的壓迫。我們認為受社會資本理論啟發、對於大陸社會網絡之資源流動功能的樂觀期待—社會網絡再建構論,在解釋新生代農民工之生活結構上,具有相當程度的限制。

關鍵詞: 血汗工廠、疏離都市狀態、社會支持、打工體制、社會資本、勞動控制

Although there have been extensive studies on Chinese urbanization, few
researches focus on the migrant workers in the world factory city and
contextualize their livelihoods in those neighborhoods. This paper pays attention to the new-generation migrant workers’ way of life in Shenzheng’s Foxconn city, understood as a relevant pattern of China’s urbanism. Based on first-handed surveys and interviews, we find strong evidences to support the argument, namely, that “social alienation” is a common experience to these workers. Moreover, this study illustrates the interplay of various institutional factors contributes to the alienated urbanism, including hukou system, urban policy, corporate strategies and labor control politics. Finally we argue the migrant labor regime squeezes the workers in developing their social support networks, both instrumental and emotional, and further compresses their opportunities of social flow. To conclude, we highlight the limitation of the “social capital thesis” in understanding the new-generation workers’ life opportunity in this case.

Keywords: sweatshop, alienated urbanism, social support, migrant labor regime, social capital, labor Control

塑化風險社會:塑化劑風暴背後之管制脈絡與結構分析/周桂田、徐健銘(95 民103.6 頁109-177)


塑化劑風暴是現代化進程下的新興風險,也為在地社會特殊的產業、管制與消費文化叢結問題。本文主要透過整理台灣社會多年來的食品問題與爭議、塑膠化學產業的結構與發展、民眾日常生活的慣習和消費,以及毒性化學物質的管制,試圖探討塑化劑事件的結構性脈絡。本文指出:政府行動傾向狹隘的實證主義管制邏輯,加上經濟發展優先思維,造成了台灣社會相當長期的遲滯、隱匿風險文化,並嚴重的埋藏環境賀爾蒙健康風險。亦即,最後我們將討論,此種制度性的忽視風險,逐步形成整個社會對風險的無知,導致塑化的經濟社會變成塑化風險社會;其結果是,一旦政府風險治理未改弦易轍,依舊維持其遲滯、隱匿的管制邏輯與文化,加上企業欠缺承擔社會責任壓力,則風險將轉為未爆彈、直接衝擊到脆弱的個體。而風險個人化的循環結構將徹底瓦解在地社會對食品安全治理的信心。

關鍵詞: 雙重風險社會、食品風險治理、塑化劑、風險個人化、管制文化


Plasticizer event is a newly emerged risk in modernization progress, and a
dilemma between particular industries, regulations, and consumer culture in
local society. This study, mainly by sorting through problems and issues on
food, the plastic industrial structure and development, the habits and consumption
in masses’ daily life, and the regulations on toxic materials in Taiwan society,
attempted to address the structural context and risk governance problems
behind the plasticizer event. It pointed out: governmental inclination to narrow
positivism and thoughts put economic development first create a considerable
long-termed delaying and hidden risk culture, and imbed the risk of endocrine
disrupting chemicals seriously in Taiwan.Namely, we will discuss the institutional ignorance to risk gradually formed a societal ignorance to risk in the final section. It transformed the plasticized economic society to a plasticized risk society. And the result is, if the governmental risk governance remains its delaying and hidden regulative logic and culture, and the corporations are incapable of shouldering the social responsible pressure, which the risk turns to be a bomb impacting to fragile
individuals,. In addition, the circulation of risk individualization will destroy
the local society’s confidence on the food safety governance completely.

Keywords: Double risk society, Food Risk Governance, Plasticizer, Risk Individualization, Regulative Culture

 

從人口政策到排他論述︰內地孕婦赴港分娩與出生公民權的文化政治/黃宗儀、胡俊佳、賴彥甫(95 民103.6 頁179-220)


本文聚焦內地孕婦赴港跨境生育現象,從性別、種族與階級等公民權的文化建構面向切入,批判地檢視近年香港的出生公民權爭議,從而說明內地孕婦是中港關係經濟與政治治理邏輯交互作用之處,更是公民權的論述空間與資源分配的具體場域。內地孕婦作為社會主體顯現了中港人口治理與經濟利益的跨境衝突與協商。一方面她們為香港私人醫院與相關產業帶來龐大收益,其港生子女被視為解決香港人口結構老化之生力軍,然而出生公民權衍生的跨境生育同時造成經濟利益與社會文化的衝突。在合理化或撤銷出生公民權的論述中,內地孕婦既是不受歡迎的外來客,又是醫療產業訴求的消費者;既是香港人口問題的出路,也是不道德的掠奪者;既是跨界生產的母親,亦是本土論述中確立中港分界的道德他者。本文將說明香港的內地孕婦案例顯示,中港跨境人口流動同時涉及經濟收益與公民權資源分配。夾雜在經濟利益與道德義理的論述中,內地孕婦的出現反映香港社會如何面對中港日益緊密的經貿關係中涉及的公民權問題,以及如何透過將內地孕婦他者化的過程,重新定義香港的本土性與文化歸屬。

關鍵詞: 中港關係、出生公民權、文化公民權、排他論述、內地孕婦


One prime example that showcases the complicated cross-border politics and the challenge of governance confronting Hong Kong is the controversy centering on the right of abode in 1999 and policy relating to pregnant mainland women based on the case of Chong Fung-Yuen in 2001, which continues in force to this day. To explain the implications of Hong Kong’s population policy and the way discourses of citizenship contribute to understanding the conflicts between the logic of capital and that of governance during Hong Kong’s integration into China, this essay attempts to focus on current debates over expectant mainland mothers and their Hong Kong born
infants, prompted by an upsurge of mainland women giving birth across the border. We will look at the cultural construction of birthright citizenship from the axis of gender, class and ethnicity, so as to critically analyze how the SAR government, birth tourism industry, media coverage and discourses of localism seek to articulate birthright citizenship by orchestrating an image and a certain imagination of pregnant mainland women. On one hand, mainland pregnant women create enormous profit for private hospitals and birth-related businesses in Hong Kong; their Hong Kong born children are lauded as a solution to Hong Kong’s aging society. On the other hand, the practice of cross-border births causes tension, as it prioritizes economic benefits at the price of local resources, including medical services and educational opportunities, among others. In the discourses that either endeavor to rationalize or revoke birthright citizenship, cultural identities of mainland pregnant women proliferate and contradictory images abound: non-eligible users of local services versus premium guests with deep pockets, endearing mothers-to-be versus reckless emergency room gate-crashers, a possible solution to Hong Kong’s population crisis versus unethical predators on local resources. Together these representations suggest how pregnant mainland women, as emergent social subjects, embody conflict and negotiation of population governance and economic benefits. In other words, the discourses of pregnant women’s bodies not only serve as the site of biopower but mark out the material and metaphorical boundaries between Hong Kong and China.

Keywords: Sino-Hong Kong relationship, birthright citizenship, cultural citizenship, othering in discourse, pregnant mainland women


【左異聲響】
台鐵公共性事件(下)
編按/許雅斐(95 民103.6 頁221-225)
進入法律程序:誰在審判?/許人友(95 民103.6 頁227-237)
法律保護了誰?剝奪了什麼?/蔡育林(95 民103.6 頁239-247)
性少數的基本權利:台鐵公共性事件論爭/許雅斐、甯應斌(95 民103.6 頁249-262)


【回應與挑戰】
風雨台灣的未來:對太陽花運動的觀察與反思/趙剛(95 民103.6 頁263-284)