《台灣社會研究季刊》 第122期：

【一般論文】

原住民團結經濟的實踐與挑戰：以Ina 廚房與社福組織的協作為例／黃盈豪（122民111.12 頁1-40）

團結經濟是原住民族抵抗殖民的重要手段。然而，既有文獻較少從實務面討論台灣脈絡下，原住民團結經濟的實作與挑戰。團結經濟強調合作、平等、民主參與和友善環境的經濟活動，同時也對當前的處境有清楚的分析和願意用集體的經濟行動做出抵抗。團結經濟和社會服務的融合如何成為社福組織促進地方團結與組織培力的新方向？又要如何重新鑲嵌在她們各自的部落脈絡和政治經濟環境之中？本文藉由深度訪談、焦點團體、參與式觀察與次級資料分析等多重方法，分析善牧基金會與花蓮太巴塱部落Ina廚房的共同協作出發，討論一個中小型社福組織實際投入發展團結經濟的經驗。本文四點研究發現如下：首先，團結經濟能減少對資本和國家補貼的依賴，讓部落與社福組織更有自主性；其次原住民團結經濟有部落集體互助和文化傳承的特色；再者團結經濟帶來社會工作者新的助人想像與工作手法；最後，本文也發現，原住民族團結經濟的操作，內部民主和社區回饋是成功的關鍵。從善牧基金會和Ina廚房的協作中，可以看見原住民部落在反壓迫和抵抗殖民的過程，以及社福組織在面對國家政策變動與相關福利服務措施不穩定時，團結經濟及自主產業的基礎是重要的調節閥和行動籌碼。

關鍵詞：團結經濟、社會福利組織、原住民社工、福利殖民、原民性

Solidarity economy is an important means of indigenous peoples in resisting colonization. However, existing literature rarely discusses the practice of and challenges to the solidarity economy of indigenous peoples in the context of Taiwan. Solidarity economy emphasizes cooperation, equality, democratic participation, and environmentally friendly economic activities. Such economy clearly analyzes current situations and uses collective economic actions in resistance. How can the integration of solidarity economy and social services be the new direction for social welfare groups in promoting local unity and organizational empowerment? And how is such economy to be reembedded within their respective tribal contexts and political-economic environments? Through multiple methods including in-depth interviews, focus groups, participant observation, and secondary data analysis, this study, with its analysis of the cooperation between the Good Shepherd Social Welfare Foundation and the Tafalong tribe’s Ina Kitchen in Hualien as the starting point, discusses the experience of a small and medium-sized social welfare organization that actually invests in the development of solidarity economy. The four findings of this study are as follows: Firstly, solidarity economy can reduce reliance on capital and state subsidies, allowing tribes and social welfare organizations to be more autonomous; secondly, solidarity economy of indigenous peoples partakes of the character of tribal collective mutual assistance and cultural inheritance; thirdly, solidarity economy brings new imagination and working methods of helping people to social workers. Finally, this study discovers that the keys to success for the operation of the solidarity economy of indigenous peoples are internal democracy and giving back to the community. The cooperation between the Good Shepherd Social Welfare Foundation and Ina Kitchen indicates that the foundations of solidarity economy and independent industries are important regulating valves when social welfare organizations face changes in state policies and uncertainty in related welfare services measures, as well as bargaining chips for action in the process of indigenous tribes’ fight against oppression and resistance against colonization.

Keywords: solidarity economy, social welfare organization, indigenous social worker, welfare colonialism, indigeneity

「混雜」催生「純粹」：同妻身份的生成與效應／郭曉飛（122民111.12 頁41-82）

本文以社會建構論的視角，分析了同妻作為中國本土化身份，是如何被建構出來的。本文主張，社會學、人類學、法學、傳播學和公共衛生學科，及其這些學科所研究的具體社會實踐，參與了對同妻身份的塑造。具體因素包括：性、愛、婚三位一體的理想和現實的落差；同妻訴訟離婚時要求丈夫坦白性傾向；傳統媒介的審查機制和新媒介的身份塑造機制；公共衛生領域的愛滋標籤。在後殖民理論看來，混雜常常挑戰了殖民文化的本真和純粹，同妻作為一個「混雜」的現象，卻在挑戰強勢文化的同時，進一步催生了「純粹」，譴責同性戀騙婚的話語反而使得性傾向的二元對立進一步得到了鞏固。這樣的分析揭示了後殖民理論的洞見和局限，也凸顯了同妻身份建構和同性戀身份建構的差異和一致性。

關鍵詞：同妻、社會建構論、後殖民主義、混雜、純粹

From the perspective of social constructivism, this paper analyzes how the Tongqi identity as a Chinese native phenomenon is constructed. Sociology, anthropology, law, communication and public health, as well as the concrete content of these disciplines, have participated in the shaping of the identity of Tongqi . The specific factors include: the gap between the ideal and reality of the trinity of sex, love and marriage; the compulsory requirement for Tongqi’s husbands’ confessions concerning their sexual orientation during divorce processes; the censorship mechanism of traditional media and the identity building mechanism of new media; AIDS labeling in the "eld of public health. In the view of postcolonial theory, hybridity often challenges the authenticity and purity of colonial culture. As a phenomenon of “hybridity”, Tongqi challenges the hegemonic culture, and at the same time, gives birth to “purity”. On the contrary, the discourse denouncing gay men concealing sexual orientation and marrying women further consolidates the binary opposition of sexual orientation. This analysis reveals the insights and limitations of postcolonial theory, and also highlights the differences and consistency between Tongqi identity construction and homosexual identity construction.

Keywords: Tongqi, social constructivism, post colonialism, hybridity, purity

跨語際的觀念再造：一個1920年代中國女性同性戀愛話語的檢視／陳冉涌（122民111.12 頁83-132）

在1920年代，隨著西方科學知識和女性解放思想的傳入，愛、戀愛、性、性別等新概念進入中國，與此同時，中國的男性知識人通過翻譯經日本中介的理論知識，引導了戀愛論和新性道德的討論，為中國婦女解放運動提供了最早的理論基礎，這其中就包括女性同性戀愛相關知識的翻譯和介紹。女性同性戀愛是當時的社會文化對於女性議題關注的重要面向之一，也是當時社會中女學生、女工中普遍存在的女性同伴親密關係的反映。在1920年代，曾出現過相關題材的文學創作高峰，1990年代起，對這一文學現象和文學作品的解讀最早打開了
現代中國女性同性戀愛的研究場域，但過往的研究多專注於中國本土狀況與西方概念之間直接的參照對比，本文則將重點放在對同性戀愛這一概念經日本轉譯中國之過程及相關社會文化的梳理。通過重審這一歷史進程，筆者認為，1920年代中國女性同性戀愛是隨著五四之後「戀愛」的風靡和性知識的引介同步產生的，愛倫凱、卡本特等歐洲思想家提供了基礎的理論知識，堺利彥、山川菊榮等日本社會運動家的翻譯，以章錫琛等為代表的中國知識人的轉譯在這個過程中均是不可忽視的關鍵環節。整體而言，在理論上1920年代中國女性同性戀愛話語籠罩在男女異性戀中心的戀愛話語之下，在現實上作為女性解放的子題，在嚴峻的政治現實衝擊下，最終隨著革命時代的到來繼續邊緣化，甚至走向負面化。

關鍵詞：同性戀愛、婦女解放、跨語際、《婦女雜誌》、《青鞜》

With the introduction of western scientific knowledge and feminist thoughts in the 1920s, Chinese intellectuals were getting familiar to a mount of new concepts, including Ai(love), Lian’ai(love/romantic relationship), Xing(sex/sexuality) and Xingbie(gender). A group of Chinese educated men translated western social and biological theories through Japanese translations, and led the heated discussions about love and sexology. The new theories, female homosexual knowledge included, benefited the development of women movement in China. Multiples of attention had been paid to the issue of female homosexual at that time, and there were a lot of same-sex relationships emerged in female factories and schools. At the same time, the most famous female novelists had composed works about female same-sex relationships. These works written in the 1920s attracted researchers’ attentions in the 1990s, and thus triggered the studies of female homosexual in modern China. However, most of researches focused on the comparisons and connections between the western concepts and Chinese examples. !us, this article will talk about the role that Japanese translation had played during the reception and the outcome and influence appeared in China. The point that female homosexual discourse in the 1920s was accompanied with the introductions of the love theory and biological knowledge. The European thinkers, such as Ellen Key and Edward Carpenter, had provided the basic theoretical substance. The knowledge bridge was built by translations from Japanese thinkers, such as Sakai Toshihiko and Yamakawa Kikue; the Chinese translations, made from Japanese translation by Zhang Xichen and the other intellectuals, had played a key role in the process. Basically, female homosexual discourse in the 1920s was restrained by the dominant heterosexual opinions, and in reality, the discourse was unfortunately trapped, marginalized and gradually degraded since the 1930s.

Keywords: homosexual, women’s liberation, translingual practice, Funŭ Zazhi (Ladies’ Journal), Seito (Bluestockings)

【研究紀要】

以紀錄片拍攝作為勞動教育的方法實踐與反思／鄭怡雯（122民111.12 頁133-159）

本文首先闡述在視覺教育學及經驗哲學等理論脈絡啟發下，筆者於大專院校開設「勞動影像與當代台灣社會」通識課程，進行以紀錄片拍攝作為勞動教育的方法實踐。該課程結合「勞動觀念」與「紀錄片製作」，希冀讓學生從學習「勞動紀錄片」的產製過程中，反芻課堂上講授的勞動概念，並從與拍攝對象的互動中，探索不同行業勞動者在資本主義社會結構下的勞動處境，從而培養其勞動意識。透過五階段教學歷程的闡述，本文進一步反思此教學實踐經驗並提出改善之處，期能在台灣校園內開發多元勞動教育方案上起拋磚引玉之效，改善台灣校園勞動教育的匱乏狀態。

關鍵詞：勞動教育、勞動紀錄片、視覺教育學、經驗哲學、教學實踐

This article first explains the background why labor education is implemented by the way of documentary filmmaking and how the general course “Labor Image and Contemporary Taiwan Society” is designed based on the theoretical contexts of visual pedagogy and empirical philosophy. Combining “labor concepts” with “documentary education,” this cross-domain curriculum is aimed to cultivate the students’ labor awareness through the process of learning how to make labor documentary. While students are involved to interacting with the person being documented, they are expected to rethink and digest the ideas of labor taught in the earlier stage as well as understand the working circumstance of the employed in capitalist society through this process. Through five course stages of teaching process, this article further reflects on teaching effectiveness and analyzes how to improve the future course design in the last. Hopefully, it can be beneficial for raising the labor education in Taiwan’s university environment and creating a wider variety of labor education programs.

Keywords: labor education, labor documentary, visual pedagogy, empirical philosophy, teaching practice

【問題與討論】

反對性／別：性的文明化及其不滿／卡維波（122民111.12 頁161-191）

原本指涉男女兩性的sex，在步入20 世紀的西方人企圖文明化男女交合的用語時，創造出sex的新意義（性交），由於這個新意義有擴張到男女交合之外的泛性論趨勢，最終又發明了性變態心理與sexuality。Sex的文明化在現代平等的趨勢下出現了非正式化（不守等級秩序老規矩之自在但自制）與性自由的運動，由此促進sexuality的發達與普遍，以致於在公共領域中，生物生理概念的sex越來越讓位於個人－心理與社會－政治概念的sexuality，後者逐漸變成文明化sex的新力量，取代了宗教禮教的舊力量。由此形成sex 可能反對sexuality的形勢。

關鍵詞：泛性論、非正式化、文明化、（新）道德主義、隱遁、生理性／別、社會性

The modern meaning of sex was invented and expanded to cover sodomy and other acts than copulation, and was further civilized in a modernizing West. The incessant expansion of the meaning of sex or pan-sexualism eventually invented the notion of sexuality today. Sexuality is further promoted and universalized when civilizing under the influence of modern value of equality promotes informalization, replacing aristocratic etiquette of sex, and sexual freedom between men and women, gays and straights, so that the biological and physical conception of sex is gradually conceded to the personal-psychological-social-political conception of sexuality. Now sexuality with its “political correctness”, a new form of moralizing, has become a new force of civilizing of sex, replacing religion as the older force of civilizing. The conjuncture of sex against sexuality is thus possibly coming.

Keywords: pan-sexualism, informalization, civilizing, (new) moralism, sequestration, sex, sexuality

【書介與評論】
《農村土地改革與工業化：台灣戰後四大公司民營化的前因後果》新書論壇：評論與回應

導言／廖彥豪（122民111.12 頁193-195）

《農村土地改革與工業化》的意義與幾點不同的思考／薛化元（122民111.12 頁197-211）

民營化的連續與斷裂？讀瞿宛文教授《農村土地改革與工業化》／侯嘉星（122民111.12 頁213-222）

我們從台灣的土地改革學到什麼？兼論《農村土地改革與工業化》／劉瑞華（122民111.12 頁223-239）

對發展型國家理論的批判性繼承：評瞿宛文的《農村土地改革與工業化》／林子新（122民111.12 頁241-249）

回應《農村土地改革與工業化》新書論壇的評論／瞿宛文（122民111.12 頁251-271）