《台灣社會研究季刊》 第123期：

【一般論文】

返家，落土了？紮得出新芽？嘉義海線青年移鄉者的考察／陳祈瑋、王舒芸（123民111.12 頁1-59）

本文以「移鄉行動」與移鄉後「生命形式佈建」為軸，理解「就學－就業階段」移居劣勢鄉村（東石鄉）的青年生活經驗。移動是當前生命階段下處境要務的「時－空」反思與實作，體現城－鄉關係間機會的空間結構，並繪製以生命歷程為時間軸的空間關係圖。圍繞就學、就業與提前孝親照顧的生命階段，勾勒退至「避風港」、成就「拚家業」、與安心「看照顧」三種「移鄉行動」。

「生命形式佈建」凸顯負面鄉村的再現、實現生命任務的機會的空間結構不均傾斜於都市，以及日益嚴峻的教育或就業競爭環境，讓移居鄉村不代表「恆久駐鄉」，而是「階段式外延」。孩子在教育過程中的「求學式脫節」，也將少子化現象轉為「更少學生化」，體現「教育不均擴大」。

最後，本文建議再思考「青年移鄉」與劣勢鄉村關係，針對（1）鄉村面臨的劣勢再現，以及（2）重探青年的生命任務與處境要務，並提供市場或公共服務，以平衡／拉近城鄉間的物質基礎與社會關係，最後反省「新自由主體」下合宜人類的生活樣貌。

關鍵詞：鄉村縮斂、移鄉青年、鄉村機會結構限制、生命歷程、人文地理學

This article aims to understand young people’s life experiences surrounding the actions of “relocation to the countryside” and the establishment of the form of life after relocating to disadvantage villages in Tongshi Township, Chiayi County, during the education and initial employment stages of life courses. Seeing relocation as a “temporal-spatial” reflection and the implementation of the priorities under young people’s current life stage, we examine relocation as embodiment of the temporal-spatial structure of opportunities presented by urban-rural relations, and attempt to map out the timeline and spatial structure of the relations between individuals in their life courses. Furthermore, we outlined three facets of the actions of “relocation to the countryside:” “retreating to a safe haven,” “actively accumulating family wealth,” and “taking care of the elderly”.

For establishing forms of life, the villages examined are particularly disadvantaged when compared with urban areas using modernity as benchmark. Opportunities that allow one to reach life goals tilt toward urban areas, and environments for educational or occupational competition have become increasingly tough. Consequently, moving to the countryside does not necessarily mean young people will permanently reside in the countryside. Instead, they will move to other townships for the sake of fulfilling other life goals. Thus, it is better understood as an “interim relay station” in young people’s blueprint for the future stages of life. Children’s lack of adequate schooling poses a particularly visible phenomenon under declining birth rates, which, in turn, leads to even worse schooling in the countryside and widening educational inequality.

This article proposes to reconsider the relationship between “young people’s relocation to the countryside” and disadvantaged villages from two viewpoints: 1. Reexamining the disadvantages of villages; 2. reinvestigating young people’s life tasks and current priorities and providing corresponding market or public services to close the gap between the material basis and social relationships afforded by urban and rural areas. This may lead to further reconsideration of human conditions under the neoliberal orders.

Keywords: rural shrinkage, young people’s relocation to countryside, structural constraints in rural opportunities, life course, human geography

試論晚明男色的身分與政治：以《龍陽逸史》為中心／甯應斌（123民111.12 頁61-112）

本文首先介紹晚明男色小說與本文的問題意識，然後討論晚明男色是否已經形成了如西方早期現代同性戀的群體或身分──西方同性戀身分的建構過程除了城市化，還有來自社會控制與科學知識話語的力量。本文首先討論相當於科學知識話語的晚明之神魔或神怪小說的話語建構（以及後來帶有自然啟蒙的話語建構）。接着本文指出對賣淫群體的社會控制才是形成男色群體身分的關鍵，而非引發男風話題的仕人。最後本文批評了當前評價男色（受女權主義影響）的觀點，由此比較中國男色與西方同性戀的差異，以期展望中國男色與西方同性戀兩者做為具有歷史源起的知識概念系統之範式競逐。

關鍵詞：男色、晚明、神怪小說、男風、好男色

This essay begins with an introduction to the nanse (male beauty) novel of late-Ming dynasty and then discusses whether the nanse was comparable to the homosexual in the early modern of the West in terms of its collective consciousness and identity, focusing on the “scientific” discourse that functioned in the construction of homosexuality/nanse. This essay argues that the Chinese god-demon-ghost-goblin stories initially serve as “scientific/mythological” discourse (and later supplemented by naturalist enlightenment narratives) in constructing the nanse identity. Furthermore, this essay maintains that the practice of prostitution is the key to the forming of collective consciousness and identity of nanse, rather than the topical performance of radical literati. In latter sections of the essay, the prevalent evaluation of nanse from an egalitarian or feminist viewpoint is criticized, and thereby this essay demonstrates the difference between Chinese nanse and Western homosexual, both as historically originated conceptual-systems. The essay ends with the outlook of nanse as a new paradigm in recounting the same-sex phenomenon and its politics.

Keywords: nanse (male beauty), late-Ming dynasty, mythological novel, man-on-man vogue, pederast

青年人性消費的嬗變與酒吧空間的污名轉向／孟芯緯（123民111.12 頁113-181）

本文以闡述包括F市在內的小城市的邊緣性城市商業娛樂空間與文化為出發點，研究F市男性青年的性消費的嬗變，以及酒吧空間的污名轉向。通過對F市男性青年的性消費行為、酒吧中的暴力衝突問題、他們與毒品的糾葛、酒托酒吧，以及具有色情污名的酒吧進行分析，本文將勾勒出2000年以來，F市性消費場所／空間的大致演變進程、與之基本同步的性消費的變化，以及對酒吧類空間的污名認知的相應變化過程。當主要的性消費空間經由洗浴中心、夜總會和Disco舞廳，逐步向酒吧轉移／發展的時候，這些空間裏的主要的性消費類型，也從直接性消費逐步轉向了非直接性消費；相當一部分城市居民對酒吧的污名認知的著重點，也從暴力衝突和毒品轉向了色情。另外，本文也進一步認為，這類邊緣性空間對於這類城市常規生活實際上的穩定作用，是不可忽視的。

關鍵詞：直接性消費、非直接性消費、酒吧、污名、暴力衝突、毒品、色情

The starting point of this paper is to elaborate the marginal urban commercial entertainment space and culture in small cities including F city. It focuses on the evolution of sexual consumption of youth in F City and the transformation of bars’ stigma. Through the analysis of the youth’s sexual consumption behavior, the problem of violent conflict in bars, their entanglement with drugs, the shill bars and the bars with erotic stigma, this paper outlines the general evolution process of sexual consumption places/ spaces in F City since 2000 and the basically synchronous change process of sexual consumption, and the corresponding change process of the stigma cognition of bars. As bars, replacing bath centers, nightclubs and disco halls, have increasingly become the main sexual consumption space, the main type of sex consumption in these spaces has gradually shifted from direct sexual consumption into indirect sexual consumption. In a significant portion of urban residents’ perceptions, the stigma attached to bars has shifted from causing violence and drug abuse to causing eroticization. In addition, this paper argues that the marginal spaces as such function to stabilize the urban conventional life in those small cities.

Keywords: direct sexual consumption, indirect sexual consumption, bars, stigma, violent conflict, drugs, erotic

【問題與討論】

追逐自由的省時戰？數位中介食物外送的勞動體制／蔡宛芸、王志弘（123民111.12 頁183-235）

由便利需求與數位科技推動的食物外送平台服務，塑造出食物地景與運送勞動的新面貌。外送工作看似享有勞動時間與計件薪酬的自由及彈性，實則充斥著趕件的時間壓力與移動風險。本文以「數位黑箱」、「虛擬自由」、「移動異化」等概念，探討數位中介之運送勞動體制的特質。作者以台北都會區兩間食物配送平台foodpanda 和Uber Eats 的外送員為對象，通過訪談平台業務、外送員和工會成員，觀察網路社群討論，並實際參與外送工作，探討前述論題。作者主張科技中介食物配送過程的便利，立足於平台業者的計件制及數位黑箱調控，令外送員在複雜勞動環境中從事血汗勞動。看似自由的外送工作，實為科技中介與資本積累塑造的幻象。勞動風險並非個人行動所致，而是勞動體制的產物。最後，作者檢視通過個人抵抗與集體抗爭而協商勞動體制的可能。

關鍵詞：自由工作、計件制、移動異化、趕工、勞動風險

Food delivery platform services driven by consumers’ need for convenience and digital technology have shaped new dimensions through which people reconsider foodscape and delivery labor. Delivery workers seem to enjoy the freedom and flexibility of working hours and piece-rate pay, but in fact, they are confronted with time pressure and movement risks. Focusing on the delivery workers of two food delivery platforms foodpanda and Uber Eats in the Taipei metropolitan area, this article uses concepts such as “digital black box”, “virtual freedom” and “mobile alienation” to explore the characteristics of the delivery labor system of digital intermediaries. Through interviews with the platform clerks, delivery workers and union members, as well as observation of online community discussions and actual participation in delivery work, the authors argue that the couriers are in fact engaged in the condition of sweated labor in a complex labor environment where the piece-rate system and the digital black-box regulation by the platform operators are adopted for the convenience of technology-mediated food distribution process. The seeming freedom of delivery work is actually an illusion created by technology intermediary and capital accumulation. Labor risks are not caused by individual actions, but the product of the labor regime. In the latter part of this article, the authors further examine the possibility of negotiating with labor regime through individual and collective resistance.

Keywords: freelance, piece system, mobile alienation, make up work, labor risk

【左異聲響】
戰後台灣經濟的左翼分析：從劉進慶的台灣社會性質論談起

導言／邱士杰（123民111.12 頁237-240）

劉進慶及其戰後台灣經濟論／邱士杰（123民111.12 頁241-255）

劉進慶與「社會科學」的時代／汪力（123民111.12 頁257-266）

從邱士杰的《戰後台灣經濟的左翼分析》談朴玄埰與劉進慶的相遇／延光錫（123民111.12 頁267-272）

劉進慶與林書揚的台灣新殖民地社會論／林哲元（123民111.12 頁273-291）

「新地殖民」地或「新殖民主義」指第二次世界大戰後，前殖民地或半殖民地國家和地區形成表面的主權獨立，實質的經濟政治依附的不平等關係。劉進慶將戰後二十年的台灣社會界定為「新殖民地．半封建社會」，其中關於「新殖民地」的概念使用十分謹慎，更傾向建立貫穿不同時期的「殖民地性」分析理論。林書揚將戰後台灣界定為新殖民地後進資本主義社會，整體呈現附庸性、畸形性和落後性的特徵。該社會性質決定了臺灣舊官僚買辦統治集團與新興資產階級分離主義勢力本質的反動性，臺灣勞動人民唯有通過反帝的民族統一運動才能克服臺灣新殖民地社會狀態。劉進慶晚年對該問題的看法與林書揚趨向一致。

關鍵詞： 新殖民地、新殖民主義、殖民地性、帝國主義、民族主義

“Neo-colony” or “neocolonialism” refers to how the old colonial system broke down after World War II and imperialism became indirectly colonized by local agents. After independence, the former colonial or semi-colonial countries and regions had some form of independent sovereignty, but their economies and policies were still under imperialist dominance. Liu Shinkei defines the Taiwan society in the two decades following WWII as a “neo-colonial and semi-feudal society”. The concept of “neocolonial” is used with caution, preferring to establish a theory of “coloniality” through various periods. Lin Shuyang defines Taiwan as a neo-colonial capitalist society, with the general characteristics of dependency, deformity, and backwardness. This social nature determines that both the old bureaucratic comprador ruling clique and the emerging bourgeois separatist forces in Taiwan are both reactionary in nature, and that the only way for the working people of Taiwan to overcome the state of Taiwan’s neo-colonial society is through an anti-imperialist national unification movement. Liu Shinkei’s views on this issue in his recent years tend to be consistent with those of Lin Shuyang.

Keywords: neo-colony, neocolonialism, coloniality, imperialism, nationalism

《戰後台灣經濟分析》裡的官僚資本、金融業與抵抗／鄭紹鈺（123民111.12 頁293-299）